Teachergol

Spreadtrum phone Drivers Download. In our share libs contains the list of Spreadtrum phone drivers all versions and available for download. To download the proper driver by the version or Device ID. This is latest spreadtrum MTK driver 64Bit and 32Bit both which can be installed on almost every Latest Windows i.e. Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows 8, 7 etc.

Snapdragon is a suite of system on a chip (SoC) semiconductor products for mobile devices designed and marketed by Qualcomm Technologies Inc. The Snapdragon central processing unit (CPU) uses the ARMRISC instruction set. A single SoC may include multiple CPU cores, an Adrenographics processing unit (GPU), a Snapdragonwireless modem, a HexagonDigital signal processor (DSP), a Qualcomm SpectraImage Signal Processor (ISP) and other software and hardware to support a smartphone's global positioning system (GPS), camera, video, audio, gesture recognition and AI acceleration. Snapdragon semiconductors are embedded in devices of various systems, including Android, Windows Phone and netbooks.^[1] They are also used in cars, wearable devices and other devices. In addition to the processors, the Snapdragon line includes modems, wi-fi chips and mobile charging products.

The first Snapdragon product to be made available to consumer device manufacturers was the QSD8250, which was released in December 2007. It included the first 1 GHz processor for mobile phones. Qualcomm introduced its 'Krait' microarchitecture in the second generation of Snapdragon SoCs in 2011, allowing each processor core to adjust its speed based on the device's needs. At the 2013 Consumer Electronics Show, Qualcomm introduced the first of the Snapdragon 800 series and renamed prior models as the 200, 400 and 600 series. Several new iterations have been introduced since, such as the Snapdragon 805, 810, 615 and 410. Qualcomm re-branded its modem products under the Snapdragon name in December 2014. As of 2018, Asus, HP and Lenovo have begun selling laptops with Snapdragon-based CPUs running Windows 10 under the name 'Always Connected PCs', marking an entry into the PC market for Qualcomm and the ARM architecture.^[2][3]

• 1History
• 2Description and current models

History[edit]

Pre-release[edit]

Qualcomm announced it was developing the Scorpion central processing unit (CPU) in November 2007.^[4][5] The Snapdragon system on chip (SoC) was announced in November 2006 and included the Scorpion processor, as well as other semiconductors.^[5][6] This also included Qualcomm's first custom Hexagondigital signal processor (DSP).^[7]

According to a Qualcomm spokesperson, it was named Snapdragon, because 'Snap and Dragon sounded fast and fierce.'^[8] The following month, Qualcomm acquired Airgo Networks for an undisclosed amount; it said Airgo's 802.11a/b/g and 802.11n Wi-Fi technology would be integrated with the Snapdragon product suite.^[9][10] Early versions of Scorpion had a processor core design similar to the Cortex-A8.^[5]

Early products (2007-2009)[edit]

The first Snapdragon shipments were of the QSD8250 in November 2007.^[11] According to CNET, Snapdragon claim to fame was having the first 1 GHz mobile ma processor.^[11][12] Most smartphones at the time were using 500 MHz processors.^[11] The first generation of Snapdragon products supported a 720p resolution, 3D graphics and a 12-megapixel camera.^[11][13] By November 2008, 15 device manufacturers decided to embed Snapdragon semiconductors in their consumer electronics products.^[14][15]

In November 2008, Qualcomm announced it would also compete against Intel in the netbook processor market with dual-core Snapdragon system-on-chips planned for late 2009.^[16] It demonstrated a Snapdragon processor that consumed less power than Intel chips announced around the same time and claimed it would also cost less when released.^[17][18][19] That same month, Qualcomm introduced a Snapdragon-based prototype netbook called Kayak that used 1.5 GHz processors and was intended for developing markets.^[15][16][20]

In May 2009, Java SE was ported and optimized for Snapdragon.^[21] At the November 2009 Computex Taipei show, Qualcomm announced the QSD8650A addition to the Snapdragon product suite, which was based on 45 nanometer manufacturing processes. It featured a 1.2 GHz processor and had lower power consumption than prior models.^[22][23]

Adoption (2009-2010)[edit]

By late 2009, smartphone manufacturers announced they would be using Snapdragon SoCs in the Acer Liquid Metal, HTC HD2, Toshiba TG01 and the Sony Ericsson Xperia X10.^[12][24][25]Lenovo announced the first netbook product using Snapdragon SoCs that December.^[26] According to PC World, mobile devices using Snapdragon had better battery life and were smaller in size than those using other SoCs.^[27]

By June 2010, Snapdragon chips were embedded in 20 available consumer devices and incorporated into 120 product designs in development.^[28]Apple had a dominant market position for smartphones at the time and did not incorporate Snapdragon into any of its products. The success of Snapdragon therefore relied on competing Android phones, such as Google's Nexus One and the HTC Incredible, challenging Apple's market position.^[28] Android devices did end up taking market share from the iPhone and predominantly used Snapdragon.^[29][30][31]

There was an 'unconfirmed but widely circulated report' speculating that Apple was going to start using Snapdragon SoCs in Verizon-based iPhones.^[29] As of 2012, Apple was still using their own Ax semiconductor designs.^[32] Support for the Windows Phone 7 operating systems was added to Snapdragon in October 2010.^[30]

By 2011 Snapdragon was embedded in Hewlett Packard's WebOS devices^[33] and had a 50% market share of a $7.9 billion smartphone processor market.^[34] By 2012, the Snapdragon S4 (Krait core) had taken a dominant share from other Android system-on-chips like Nvidia Tegra and Texas Instruments OMAP which caused the latter to exit the market.^[35] As of July 2014, the market share of Android phones had grown to 84.6 percent,^[36] and Qualcomm's Snapdragon chips were embedded in 41% of smartphones.^[37] However, the September 2013 debut of Apple's 64-bit A7 chip in the iPhone 5S forced Qualcomm to release a competing 64-bit product, despite the capable performance of the Snapdragon 800/801/805, since their existing Krait cores were only 32-bit.^[38] The first 64-bit SoCs, the Snapdragon 808 and 810, were rushed to market using generic Cortex-A57 and Cortex-A53 cores and suffered from overheating problems and throttling, particularly the 810, which led Samsung to stop using Snapdragon for its Galaxy S6 flagship phone, and Galaxy Note 5 phablet.^[39][40]

Snapdragon chips are also used in most Android-based smartwatches.^[41] Snapdragon products have also been used in virtual reality products, in vehicles like the Maserati Quattroporte and Cadillac XTS and in other applications.^[42]

32-bit ARM era (2010-2015)[edit]

In June 2010, Qualcomm began sampling the third generation of Snapdragon products; two dual-core 1.2 GHz system on chips (SoC) called the Mobile Station Modem (MSM) 8260 and 8660.^[43] The 8260 was for GSM, UMTS and HSPA+ networks, while the 8660 was for CDMA2000 and EVDO networks.^[44] That November Qualcomm announced the MSM8960^[45][46] for LTE networks.^[44]

In early 2011, Qualcomm announced a new processor architecture called Krait,^[47] which used the ARM v7 instruction set, but was based on Qualcomm's own processor design. The processors were called S4 and had a feature named Asynchronous Symmetrical Multi-Processing (aSMP), meaning each processor core adjusted its clock speed and voltage based on the device's activity in order to optimize battery usage.^[48] Prior models were renamed to S1, S2 and S3 to distinguish each generation.^[49]

Intel p4 motherboard sound drivers free download. The S4-based generation of Snapdragon SoCs began shipping to product manufacturers with the MSM8960 in February 2012.^[50] In benchmark tests by Anandtech, the MSM8960 had better performance than any other processor tested. In an overall system benchmark, the 8960 obtained a score of 907, compared to 528 and 658 for the Galaxy Nexus and HTC Rezound respectively.^[51] In a Quadrant benchmark test, which assesses raw processing power, a dual-core Krait processor had a score of 4,952, whereas the quad-core Tegra 3 was just under 4,000.^[52] The quad-core version, APQ8064, was made available in July 2012. It was the first Snapdragon SoC to use Qualcomm's Adreno 320 graphics processing unit (GPU).^[53]

Adoption of Snapdragon contributed to Qualcomm's transition from a wireless modem company to one that also produces a wider range of hardware and software for mobile devices.^[54] In July 2011 Qualcomm acquired certain assets from GestureTek in order to incorporate its gesture recognition intellectual property into Snapdragon SoCs.^[55] In mid-2012 Qualcomm announced the Snapdragon software development kit (SDK) for Android devices at the Uplinq developer conference.^[56] The SDK includes tools for facial recognition, gesture recognition, noise cancellation and audio recording.^[56] That November Qualcomm acquired some assets from EPOS Development in order to integrate its stylus and gesture recognition technology into Snapdragon products.^[57] It also collaborated with Microsoft to optimize Windows Phone 8 for Snapdragon semiconductors.^[58]

By 2012, the Snapdragon S4 (Krait core) had taken a dominant share from other Android system-on-chips like Nvidia Tegra and Texas Instruments OMAP which caused the latter to exit the market.^[35] As of July 2014, the market share of Android phones had grown to 84.6 percent,^[36] and Qualcomm's Snapdragon chips powered 41% of smartphones.^[37]

However, the September 2013 debut of Apple's 64-bit A7 chip in the iPhone 5S forced Qualcomm to rush out a competing 64-bit solution, despite the capable performance of the Snapdragon 800/801/805, since their existing Krait cores were only 32-bit.^[38] The first 64-bit SoCs, the Snapdragon 808 and 810, were rushed to market using generic Cortex-A57 and Cortex-A53 cores and suffered from overheating problems and throttling, particularly the 810, which led to Samsung ditching Snapdragon for its Galaxy S6 flagship phone.^[39][40]

The entry-level 200 series was expanded with six new processors using 28 nanometer manufacturing and dual or quad-core options in June 2013.^[59] The entry-level Snapdragon 210, intended for low-cost phones, was announced in September 2014.^[60]

Custom 64-bit ARM era (2016-current)[edit]

After, Qualcomm's first attempt at 64-bit system on a chip, they created a new in-house architecture, that in later models showed better thermal performance. Especially when compared to the Snapdragon models launched after 2015, like the Snapdragon 820.^[61]

In early 2016, Qualcomm launched the Snapdragon 820, an ARM 64-bit quad-core processor using in-house designed Kryo cores. Qualcomm launched an updated Snapdragon 821, later in the year with higher clock speeds and slightly better performance. The Snapdragon 820 family uses Samsung's 14-nanometer FinFET process. Qualcomm also released the Qualcomm Snapdragon Neural Processing Engine SDK which was the first AI acceleration on smartphones.^[62]

Qualcomm announced the octa-core Snapdragon 835 SoC on November 17, 2016. Released the following year, it used Kryo 280 cores and was built using Samsung's 10-nanometer FinFET process. At initial launch, due to Samsung's role in manufacturing the chip, its mobile division also acquired the initial inventory of the chip. That means that no other phone maker was able to manufacture products containing the Snapdragon 835 until Samsung released its flagship device of the year, the Galaxy S8.^[63]

At Computex 2017 in May, Qualcomm and Microsoft announced plans to launch Snapdragon-based laptops running Windows 10. It partnered with HP, Lenovo, and Asus to release slim portables and 2-in-1 devices powered by the Snapdragon 835.^[64]

In December 2017, Qualcomm announced the octa-core Snapdragon 845. It uses the same 10-nanometer manufacturing process as the earlier Snapdragon 835 but introduced a new processor architecture, Kryo 385,^[65] designed for better battery life, photography, and for use with artificial intelligence apps.^[66][65]

In early 2018, Qualcomm introduced the 7 series, which sits between the 6 and 8 series in terms of pricing and performance. The 700 launched with octa-core models Snapdragon 710 and 712, using the Kryo 360 processor architecture, and built on a 10-nanometer manufacturing process.^[67][68][69]

In 2019, Qualcomm released new variants of its mobile processors, with the Snapdragon 855 replacing the 845. The Snapdragon 855 competes against other high end system-on-chip solutions like the Apple A12, and Kirin 980. The Snapdragon 855 features Kryo 485 cores, built on TSMC's 7-nanometer process.^[70] Along with the Snapdragon 730 and 730G replacing the 710 and 712. The newer 730 and 730G feature Kryo 460 cores, built on Samsung's 8-nanometer process.^[71]

Description and current models[edit]

Snapdragon system on chip products typically include a graphics processing unit (GPU), a global positioning system (GPS) and a cellular modem integrated into a single package.^[72] It has software included that operates graphics, video and picture-taking.^[73] There are 19 different Snapdragon processors under the 400, 600 and the 800 product families spanning from low to high-end respectively, as well as wi-fi and mobile charging products.^[74] Some of their components include the Adreno graphics processing, the Qualcomm Hexagon DSP and processors using Qualcomm's S4 processor architecture. In addition to smartphones, the 400 series is used in smart watches^[75] and the 602A is intended for electronics in cars.^[76]

The current Snapdragon naming scheme was implemented after the Snapdragon 800 family was announced at the 2013 Consumer Electronics Show; prior models were renamed to the 200, 400 or 600 series.^[77][78] A new Snapdragon 600 was also released, which by mid-year was embedded in most new Android devices.^[79] The 400 family is entry-level, the 600 is mass-market or mid-range, and 800 family is for high-end or flagship phones.^[80][81]

The Snapdragon 805 was released that November.^[82] The 410, which is intended for low-cost phones in developing nations, was announced the following month.^[83] In January 2014, Qualcomm introduced a modified version of the Snapdragon 600 called 602A^[76] that is intended for in-car infotainment screens, backup cameras, and other driver assistance products.^[84] The quad-core Snapdragon 610 and eight-core 615 were announced in February 2014.^[85] The Snapdragon 808 and 810 were announced in April 2014.^[86] The Snapdragon 835, announced in November 2017, is the first Qualcomm SOC that is built on a 10 nm architecture.^[87] Qualcomm's new flagship chip for 2018, the 845, was announced in December 2017. According to Qualcomm, the 845 is 25-30% faster than the 835.

In February 2015, Qualcomm re-branded its stand-alone modem products under the Snapdragon name; they were distinguished from SoCs using the 'x' designation, such as the X7 or X12 modem.^[80] The first Snapdragon modem for 5G networks, the X50, was announced in late 2016.^[88] This was followed by the 2GBs X24 modem on a 7 nanometer manufacturing process that was announced in February 2018.^[89]

According to CNET, these phones were growing in US market share and ranked highly in CNET reviews due to their responsiveness.^[90] Snapdragon SoCs are also used in most Windows phones^[58] and most phones entering the market in mid-2013.^[91] The LG G2 was the first phone to market using the Snapdragon 800 in August 2013.^[92]

In 2017 the 660 and 630 replaced the 653 and 626 mid-range models^[93] and several chips in the 400 product family were revved.^[94][95] In February 2017, Qualcomm introduced the Snapdragon X20, intended for 5G cell phone networks,^[96] and two new chips for 802.11ax commercial wi-fi networks.^[97] This was followed by the addition of the 636 to the 600 product family that October, which Qualcomm said would be 40 percent faster than the 630.^[98]

In August 2018, the Snapdragon 632, 439 and 429 were released.^[99] The new SoC is aimed at mid-range devices such as the Moto G6 Play, Huawei Honor 7A and Nokia 5.^[100]

In December 2018, Qualcomm announced the 8cx at their Snapdragon Tech Summit 2018. The 8cx is Qualcomm's first SoC specifically designed for Always Connected PC (ACPC) platform. Unlike Qualcomm's past ACPC SoCs which were just their respective mobile SoCs at higher TDP.^[101] Qualcomm also showcased their Snapdragon X50 5G modem, Snapdragon 855 and QTM052 mmWave Antenna Module.

In February 2019, Qualcomm announced their Snapdragon X55 5G modem, QTM525 mmWave antenna module, QET6100 envelope tracker and the new QAT3555 antenna impedance tuner.^[102]

Benchmark tests[edit]

Benchmark tests of the Snapdragon 800's processor by PC Magazine found that its processing power was comparable to similar products from Nvidia.^[103] Benchmarks of the Snapdragon 805 found that the Adreno 420 GPU resulted in a 40 percent improvement in graphics processing over the Adreno 330 in the Snapdragon 800, though there were only slight differences in processor benchmarks.^[104] Benchmarks of the Snapdragon 801 inside an HTC One found a 'bump all around' in benchmark improvements over the 800.^[105] In 2015, Samsung's decision not to use the Snapdragon 810 in its Galaxy S6^[39] had a significant detrimental impact on Snapdragon's revenues and reputation.^[106] Benchmark tests by Ars Technica confirmed rumors that the 810 under-performed lower-end models and had overheating issues.^[40][107] A Qualcomm spokesperson said these tests were done with early versions of the 810 that weren't ready for commercial use.^[108] An updated version was released and was found to moderately improve thermal throttling, GPU clock speeds, memory latency, and memory bandwidth when tested in a commercial product, the Xiaomi Mi Note Pro.^[109][110] Additionally, the 820/821, 835 and 845 performed substantially better.^{[111][112][113]} Qualcomm led the industry in sustained GPU performance and perf/W from the release of the 820 until the release of the Apple A12.

References[edit]

1. ^'Find Snapdragon Smartphones, Tablets and Smart Devices'. Qualcomm. 8 December 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
2. ^'ARM is going after Intel with new chip roadmap through 2020'. Windows Central. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
3. ^'Always Connected PCs, Extended Battery Life 4G LTE Laptops | Windows'. www.microsoft.com. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
4. ^'Snapdragon seeds Qualcomm's future'. Electronic Engineering Times. 4 June 2007. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
5. ^ ^abcBDTI (5 December 2007). 'Analysis: QualComm's 1 GHz ARM 'Snapdragon''. Electronic Engineering Times. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
6. ^'Qualcomm rolls out Snapdragon for mobile'. New Media Age. 16 November 2006.
7. ^Oram, John (12 October 2011). 'Qualcomm announces its 2012 superchip: 28NM Snapdragon S4'. VRWorld. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
8. ^Kewney, Guy (May 2009). 'Puff the magic Snapdragon'. Personal Computer World.
9. ^Taylor, Colleen (December 2006). 'Qualcomm's Q4 Shopping Spree'. Electronics News.
10. ^Hachman, Mark (4 December 2006). 'Qualcomm Buys Airgo, Bluetooth Assets'. ExtremeTech. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
11. ^ ^abcdCrothers, Brooke (3 February 2009). 'Toshiba handheld hits 1GHz with 'Snapdragon''. CNET. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
12. ^ ^abCrothers, Brooke (6 September 2009). 'Intel and Qualcomm Eye Each Other's Terrain'. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
13. ^Sidener, Jonathan (1 August 2008). 'Qualcomm and Google prepare reply to iPhone'. Union-Tribune. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
14. ^Merritt, Rick (12 November 2008). 'Qualcomm launches low-cost PC alternative'. Electronic Engineering Times. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
15. ^ ^abSidener, Jonathan (18 November 2008). 'Qualcomm chip shows versatility'. Union-Tribune San Diego. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
16. ^ ^abClark, Don (13 November 2008). 'Qualcomm Pushes Beyond Cellphones'. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
17. ^Markoff, John (1 July 2008). 'Chips for mobile world pose challenge to Intel'. International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
18. ^Markoff, John (30 June 2008). 'Intel's Dominance Is Challenged by a Low-Power Upstart'. The New York Times. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
19. ^'Next battleground for processors: powering the consumer computing device'. Electronic Engineering Times. 14 July 2008. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
20. ^Merritt, Rick (12 November 2008). 'Qualcomm launches low-cost PC alternative'. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
21. ^Taft, Darryl (6 May 2009). 'Sun and Qualcomm Tweak Java for Netbooks'. eWeek. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
22. ^Eddy, Nathan (1 June 2009). 'Qualcomm Debuts 45nm Snapdragon Chipset'. eWeek. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
23. ^Perez, Marin (1 June 2009). 'Qualcomm Shows Off New Mobile Chips'. InformationWeek. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
24. ^Maisto, Michelle (14 October 2009). 'Acer Liquid Smartphone Uses Android, Qualcomm's Snapdragon'. eWeek. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
25. ^Eddy, Nathan (13 November 2009). 'Qualcomm Announces Smartphone Chipsets, Snapdragon Smartbook'. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
26. ^Deagon, Brian (4 December 2009). 'Qualcomm Plotting Ways To Push New Type Of Device'. Investor's Business Daily.
27. ^Allen, Danny; Nystedt, Dan; Fletcher, Owen; Shah, Agam (August 2009). 'Latest Laptop Trends From Asia's Big Tech Show'. PC World.
28. ^ ^abFreeman, Mike (17 June 2010). 'Qualcomm hoping to feast on Snapdragon'. Union Tribune San Diego. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
29. ^ ^abFikes, Bradley (10 January 2010). 'Qualcomm pushes to get beyond cell phones'. Union Tribune San Diego. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
30. ^ ^abFreeman, Mike (18 October 2010). 'Qualcomm gets Snapdragon in new Windows phones'. San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
31. ^'Qualcomm to buy Atheros for $3.2 billion'. Associated Press. 6 January 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
32. ^Krause, Reinhardt (27 September 2012). 'Qualcomm's Snapdragon Mobile Chips Take On MediaTek'. Investor's Business Daily. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
33. ^Fitchard, Kevin (1 June 2011). 'Qualcomm struts is mobile gaming stuff'. Connected Planet.
34. ^Caulfield, Brian (18 July 2012). 'No Factories, No Phones, No Fuss: How Qualcomm Grabs Wireless Profits'. Forbes. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
35. ^ ^ab'Wednesday Poll: Preferred Mobile Processor?'. Droid Life. 26 September 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
36. ^ ^abSmith, Chris (31 July 2014). 'Strategy Analytics: 85% of phones shipped last quarter run Android'. BGR. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
37. ^ ^abLinley Gwennap, Mike Demler and Loyd Case (August 2014). A Guide to Mobile Processors (Sixth ed.).CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
38. ^ ^abCohen, Peter; Cohen, Peter (16 December 2013). 'Apple's 64-bit A7 chip 'hit us in the gut,' says Qualcomm employee'. iMore. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
39. ^ ^abcLee, Jungah; King, Ian (20 January 2015). 'Samsung Said to Drop Qualcomm Chip From Next Galaxy S'. Bloomberg. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
40. ^ ^abcCunningham, Andrew (23 April 2015). 'In-depth with the Snapdragon 810's heat problems'. Ars Technica. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
41. ^Sun, Leo (29 March 2015). 'Will Intel Corporation's Curie Conquer the Internet of Things and Wearables Markets?'. Fox Business.
42. ^Agomuoh, Fionna (8 January 2015). 'Eyeing Growth, Mobile King Qualcomm Targets The Internet Of Things'. International Business Times. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
43. ^Maisto, Michelle (1 June 2010). 'Qualcomm Begins Shipping Dual-CPU, 1.2GHz Snapdragon'. eWeek. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
44. ^ ^abKlug, Brian (30 March 2011). 'Dual Core Snapdragon GPU Performance Explored - 1.5 GHz MSM8660 and Adreno 220 Benchmarks'. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
45. ^Gardner, David (18 November 2010). 'Qualcomm Details Faster Snapdragon Chipset'. InformationWeek. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
46. ^Maisto, Michelle (18 November 2010). 'Qualcomm Snapdragon Processor Redesign Targets Smartphones, Tablets'. eWeek. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
47. ^Clarke, Peter (16 February 2011). 'Qualcomm tips quad-core Snapdragon plan'. Electronic Engineering Times. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
48. ^Whitwam, Ryan (13 October 2011). 'How Snapdragon S4 and Tegra 3 manage ARM cores differently'. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
49. ^Shimpi, Anand Lal (3 August 2011). 'Qualcomm's Updated Brand: Introducing Snapdragon S1, S2, S3 & S4 Processors'. AnandTech. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
50. ^Whitwam, Ryan (22 February 2012). 'Why Qualcomm's Snapdragon S4 has the competition on the defensive'. ExtremeTech.
51. ^Klug, Brian; Shimpi, Anand (21 February 2012). 'Qualcomm Snapdragon S4 (Krait) Performance Preview'. AnAndTech. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
52. ^Whitwam, Ryan (28 March 2012). 'Early Snapdragon S4 benchmarks could spell trouble for Tegra 3'. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
53. ^Anthony, Sebastian (25 July 2012). 'Qualcomm's quad-core Snapdragon S4 eats Tegra and Exynos for breakfast'. ExtremeTech. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
54. ^Fitchard, Kevin (3 June 2011). 'The Rise of Qualcomm Computing'. Connected Planet.
55. ^Burt, Jeffrey (25 July 2011). 'Qualcomm Buying Gesture Recognition Assets From GestureTek'. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
56. ^ ^abKim, Ryan (16 July 2012). 'Qualcomm Aims to Make Snapdragon a Consumer Brand'. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
57. ^Wauters, Robin (16 November 2012). 'Qualcomm Technologies, a subsidiary of semiconductor'. The Next Web. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
58. ^ ^abShah, Agam (21 June 2012). 'Windows Phone 8 smartphones to run Qualcomm's Snapdragon S4 chip'. IDG News Service. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
59. ^Gomez, Kevin (24 June 2013). 'Qualcomm adds six new processors to its Snapdragon 200 class'.
60. ^Cunningham, Andrew (11 September 2014). 'Snapdragon 210 brings LTE to entry-level phones, but not 64-bit Snapdragon 208 will also serve as a cheaper 3G-only option'. Ars Technica.
61. ^'Snapdragon 810 vs 820 comparison: heated competition'. AndroidPIT. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
62. ^'On-Device AI with Qualcomm Snapdragon Neural Processing Engine SDK'. Qualcomm Developer Network. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
63. ^'Report: Snapdragon 835 will launch first in Galaxy S8, others have to wait'. PC World. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
64. ^'Microsoft, Qualcomm Partner to Bring Windows 10 to Snapdragon-Powered Laptops'. The Apps Central. 31 May 2017. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
65. ^ ^abLow, Cherlynn (6 December 2017). 'Qualcomm's Snapdragon 845 doubles down on cameras and AI'. Engadget. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
66. ^Simon, Michael (6 December 2017). 'Five ways the Snapdragon 845 chip will impact 2018 Android flagship phones'. PCWorld. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
67. ^Tibken, Shara (27 February 2018). 'Qualcomm's newest chips will give a boost to AI in lower-cost phones'. CNET. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
68. ^Smith, Ryan (27 February 2018). 'Qualcomm Announces Snapdragon 700 Series Platform: Carving Out A Niche for Sub-Premium'. AnandTech. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
69. ^'Snapdragon 710 Mobile Platform'. Qualcomm. 2 October 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
70. ^Frumusanu, Andrei. 'The Snapdragon 855 Performance Preview: Setting the Stage for Flagship Android 2019'. www.anandtech.com. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
71. ^Frumusanu, Andrei. 'Qualcomm Announces Snapdragon 665 & 730 Platforms: 11 & 8nm'. www.anandtech.com. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
72. ^Whitwam, Ryan (26 August 2011). 'How Qualcomm's Snapdragon ARM chips are unique'. ExtremeTech. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
73. ^Veverka, Mark (17 March 2012). 'Qualcomm Inside'. Barron's. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
74. ^Snapdragon Processors, Qualcomm, retrieved 17 April 2018
75. ^Lipsky, Jessica (31 July 2014). 'Q'comm Shares a Wearable Strategy'. Electronic Engineering Times. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
76. ^ ^abSilbert, Sarah (6 January 2014). 'With the Snapdragon 602A, Qualcomm looks to improve the connected car'. Engadget.
77. ^Hruska, Joel (8 January 2013). 'Qualcomm's Keynote was the most awkward affair in the history of ever'. ExtremeTech. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
78. ^Nuttall, Chris (9 January 2013). 'Qualcomm takes centre stage in Las Vegas'. Financial Times. Retrieved 4 October 2014.(subscription required)
79. ^buttersWise, normally (19 June 2013). 'Qualcomm's Snapdragon 800 benchmarked, sports extremely fast GPU'. Ars Technica. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
80. ^ ^abHruska, Joel (18 February 2015). 'Qualcomm rides to war: Multiple new CPUs, modems announced ahead of Mobile World Congress'. ExtremeTech. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
81. ^'Qualcomm outs Snapdragon 800 and 600: up to 2.3GHz quad-core, 4K video, due by mid 2013'. Engadget. 7 January 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
82. ^Poeter, Damon (20 November 2013). 'Qualcomm Unveils Next-Gen Snapdragon 805'. PC Magazine. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
83. ^Dolcourt, Jessica; Tibken, Shara (9 December 2013). 'Qualcomm's Snapdragon 410 brings 64-bit, LTE to emerging markets'. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
84. ^Cunningham, Wayne (15 January 2015). 'Smart phone, smarter car'. CNET. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
85. ^Poeter, Damon (24 February 2014). 'Qualcomm Spices Up Snapdragon 600 Line With New 64-Bit Chips'. PC Magazine.
86. ^Poeter, Damon (7 April 2014). 'Qualcomm Unveils Next-Gen Snapdragon 810, 808 Chips'. PC Magazine.
87. ^Shah, Agam (28 July 2014). 'Qualcomm planting seeds for 4K video, silicon brains in mobile devices'. PCWorld. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
88. ^Captain, Sean (17 October 2016). 'The Wild Technology That Will Make 5G Wireless Work'. Fast Company. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
89. ^'Qualcomm Unveils Fast Snapdragon X24 LTE Modem for Mobile Devices'. eWEEK. 20 March 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
90. ^Dolcourt, Jessica (20 June 2012). 'Qualcomm confirms Snapdragon S4 processor for Windows Phone'. CNET. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
91. ^Anthony, Sebastian (9 August 2013). 'Surface RT 2: Tegra confirmed, despite superiority of Snapdragon and Bay Trail'. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
92. ^Whitwam, Ryan (7 August 2013). 'LG G2 announced: 5.2-inch 1080p, first commercial Snapdragon 800 phone'. ExtremeTech. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
93. ^'Coming soon to a $250 phone near you: Qualcomm's Snapdragon 660 and 630 chips'. Ars Technica. 9 May 2017. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
94. ^Frumusanu, Andrei (11 February 2016). 'Qualcomm Announces Snapdragon 625, 425 & 435 Mid- and Low-End SoCs'. AnandTech. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
95. ^Low, Aloysius (27 June 2017). 'Qualcomm's Snapdragon 450 makes $200 phones faster, last longer'. CNET. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
96. ^'Qualcomm's New Modem can Beat 1 Gigabit Speeds, in Theory'. Fortune. 21 February 2017. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
97. ^Ngo, Dong (13 February 2017). 'With Qualcomm's new 802.11ax chips, the future of Wi-Fi is here'. CNET. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
98. ^Whitwam, Ryan (17 October 2017). 'Qualcomm Announces Snapdragon 636 Chip with 40 Percent Speed Boost'. ExtremeTech. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
99. ^'Qualcomm Snapdragon 632, 439 & 429 For Mass Market Phones Announced | Android News'. AndroidHeadlines.com |. 26 June 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
100. ^Kudev, Stefan. 'Qualcomm releases Snapdragon 632, 439, 429 SoCs'. www.insightportal.io. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
101. ^Cutress, Ian. 'Qualcomm Tech Summit, Day 3: Snapdragon 8cx, the New ACPC SoC'. www.anandtech.com. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
102. ^Frumusanu, Andrei. 'Qualcomm Announces X55 Modem: 5G Multi-mode & New Advanced ICs'. www.anandtech.com. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
103. ^Segan, Sascha (19 June 2013). 'Benchmarking Qualcomm's Snapdragon 800'. PC Magazine. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
104. ^Anthony, Sebastian (22 May 2014). 'Snapdragon 805 benchmarked: Krait's last hurrah, and the arrival of a new GPU king'. ExtremeTech. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
105. ^Segan, Sascha (25 March 2014). 'Why the HTC One (M8)'s Snapdragon 801 Is So Snappy'. PC Magazine.
106. ^Rubin, Ben (2 March 2015). 'What's inside your smartphone? Most customers don't care'. CNET. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
107. ^Cunningham, Andrew (30 April 2015). 'Qualcomm's Snapdragon 808 doesn't get so hot under the collar'. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
108. ^McGregor, Jay (6 May 2015). 'Qualcomm Finally Speaks Out About Samsung And Snapdragon'. Forbes. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
109. ^D., Luis (6 May 2015). 'Revised Snapdragon 810 boasts performance and thermal improvements in Xiaomi Mi Note Pro benchmarks'. PhoneArena. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
110. ^Ho, Joshua (18 June 2015). 'Comparing Snapdragon 810 v2 and v2.1: More Memory Bandwidth, Higher Clocks'. AnAndTech. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
111. ^Frumusanu, Ryan Smith, Andrei. 'The Qualcomm Snapdragon 820 Performance Preview: Meet Kryo'. www.anandtech.com. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
112. ^Frumusanu, Andrei; Smith, Ryan (12 February 2018). 'The Snapdragon 845 Performance Preview: Setting the Stage for Flagship Android 2018'. AnandTech. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
113. ^Humrick, Matt; Smith, Ryan (22 March 2017). 'The Qualcomm Snapdragon 835 Performance Preview'. AnandTech. Retrieved 24 March 2018.

Further reading[edit]

• Boxall, Andy (24 January 2015). 'When cities adopt smartphone chips, trash cans talk and street lamps have ears'. Digital Trends.

External links[edit]

Lenovo Group Limited,^[4] often shortened to Lenovo (/lɛˈnoʊvoʊ/leh-NOH-voh), is a Chinese multinational technology company with headquarters in Beijing. It designs, develops, manufactures, and sells personal computers, tablet computers, smartphones, workstations, servers, electronic storage devices, IT management software, and smart televisions. Lenovo is the world's largest personal computer vendor by unit sales, as of March 2019. It markets the ThinkPad and ThinkBook business lines of notebook computers, IdeaPad, Yoga and Legion consumer lines of notebook laptops, and the IdeaCentre and ThinkCentre lines of desktops.

Lenovo has operations in more than 60 countries and sells its products in around 160 countries. Lenovo's principal facilities are in Beijing and Morrisville (North Carolina, U.S.), with Chinese research centers in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Xiamen, Chengdu, Nanjing, and Wuhan, Yamato (Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan), and Morrisville. It also has a joint venture with NEC, Lenovo NEC Holdings, which produces personal computers for the Japanese market.

Lenovo was founded in Beijing in November 1984 as Legend and was incorporated in Hong Kong in 1988. Lenovo acquired IBM's personal computer business in 2005 and agreed to acquire its Intel-based server business in 2014. Lenovo entered the smartphone market in 2012 and as of 2014 was the largest vendor of smartphones in Mainland China. In 2014, Lenovo acquired the mobile phone handset maker Motorola Mobility from Google.

Lenovo is listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Hang Seng China-Affiliated Corporations Index, often referred to as 'Red Chips'.

• 1History
  • 1.4Mergers, acquisitions, and partnerships
• 3Products and services
  • 3.1Personal and business computing
• 5Corporate affairs
  • 5.4Leadership
• 6Marketing and sponsorships
  • 6.1Emerging markets
• 7Controversy and security issues

History[edit]

Founding and early history[edit]

Liu Chuanzhi founded Lenovo on 1 November 1984 with a group of ten engineers in Beijing with 200,000 yuan. The Chinese government approved Lenovo's incorporation on the same day. Jiǎ Xùfú (贾续福), one of the founders of Lenovo, indicates the first meeting in preparation for starting the company was held on 17 October of the same year. Eleven people, the entirety of the initial staff, attended. Each of the founders was a middle-aged member of the Institute of Computing Technology attached to the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The 200,000 yuan used as start-up capital was approved by Zēng Màocháo (曾茂朝). The name for the company agreed upon at this meeting was the Chinese Academy of Sciences Computer Technology Research Institute New Technology Development Company.^[5]

Their first significant effort, an attempt to import televisions, failed. The group rebuilt itself within a year by conducting quality checks on computers for new buyers. Lenovo soon started developing a circuit board that would allow IBM-compatible personal computers to process Chinese characters. This product was Lenovo's first major success. Lenovo also tried and failed to market a digital watch. Liu said, 'Our management team often differed on which commercial road to travel. This led to big discussions, especially between the engineering chief and myself. He felt that if the quality of the product was good, then it would sell itself. But I knew this was not true, that marketing and other factors were part of the eventual success of a product.' The fact that its staff had little business experience compounded Lenovo's early difficulties. 'We were mainly scientists and didn't understand the market', Liu said. 'We just learned by trial-and-error, which was very interesting—but also very dangerous', said Liu. In 1990, Lenovo started to manufacture and market computers using its own brand name.^[6]

In May 1988, Lenovo placed its first recruitment advertisement. The ad was placed on the front page of the China Youth News. Such ads were quite rare in China then. Out of the 500 respondents, 280 were selected to take a written employment exam. 120 of these candidates were interviewed in person. Although interviewers initially only had authority to hire 16 people, 58 were given offers. The new staff included 18 people with graduate degrees, 37 with undergraduate degrees, and three students with no university-level education. Their average age was 26. Yang Yuanqing, the current CEO of Lenovo, was among that group.^[5]

Liu Chuanzhi received government permission to form a subsidiary in Hong Kong and to move there along with five other employees. Liu's father, already in Hong Kong, furthered his son's ambitions through mentoring and facilitating loans. Liu moved to Hong Kong in 1988. To save money during this period, Liu and his co-workers walked instead of taking public transportation. To keep up appearances, they rented hotel rooms for meetings.^[5]

IPO, second offerings, and bond sales[edit]

Lenovo became publicly traded after a 1994 Hong Kong listing that raised nearly US$30 million. Prior to its IPO, many analysts were optimistic about Lenovo. The company was praised for its good management, strong brand recognition, and growth potential. Analysts also worried about Lenovo's profitability. Lenovo's IPO was massively over-subscribed. On its first day of trading, the company's stock price hit a high of HK$2.07 and closed at HK$2.00. Proceeds from the offering were used to finance sales offices in Europe, North America and Australia, to expand and improve production and research and development, and to increase working capital.^[5]

When Lenovo was first listed, its managers thought the only purpose of going public was to raise capital. They had little understanding of the rules and responsibilities that went along with running a public company. Before Lenovo conducted its first secondary offering in 1997, Liu proudly announced the company's intent to mainland newspapers only to have its stock halted for two days by regulators to punish his statement. This occurred several times until Liu learned that he had to choose his words carefully in public. The first time Liu traveled to Europe on a 'roadshow' to discuss his company's stock, he was shocked by the skeptical questions he was subjected to and felt offended. Liu later came to understand that he was accountable to shareholders. He said, 'Before I only had one boss, but CAS never asked me anything. I relied on my own initiative to do things. We began to think about issues of credibility. Legend began to learn how to become a truly international company.'^[5]

To fund its continued growth, Lenovo issued a secondary offering of 50 million shares on the Hong Kong market in March 2000 and raised about US$212 million.^[5]

Mary Ma, Lenovo's chief financial officer from 1990 to 2007, was in charge of investor relations. Under her leadership, Lenovo successfully integrated Western-style accountability into its corporate culture. Lenovo's emphasis on transparency earned it a reputation for the best corporate governance among mainland Chinese firms. All major issues regarding its board, management, major share transfers, and mergers and acquisitions were fairly and accurately reported. While Hong Kong-listed firms were only required to issue financial reports twice per year, Lenovo followed the international norm of issuing quarterly reports. Lenovo created an audit committee and a compensation committee with non-management directors. The company started roadshows twice per year to meet institutional investors. Ma organized the first-ever investor relations conference held in Mainland China. The conference was held in Beijing in 2002 and televised on CCTV. Liu and Ma co-hosted the conference and both gave speeches on corporate governance.^[5]

In May 2015, Lenovo revealed a new logo at Lenovo Tech World in Beijing, with the slogan 'Innovation Never Stands Still' (Chinese: 创新无止境). Lenovo's new logo, created by Saatchi, New York, can be changed by its advertising agencies and sales partners, within restrictions, to fit the context. It has a lounging 'e' and is surrounded by a box that can be changed to use a relevant scene, solid color, or photograph. Lenovo's Chief Marketing Officer David Roman said, 'When we first started looking at it, it wasn't about just a change in typography or the look of the logo. We asked 'If we really are a net-driven, customer-centric company, what should the logo look like?' We came up with the idea of a digital logo first … designed to be used on the internet and adaptable to context.'^[7]

In early June 2015, Lenovo announced plans to sell up to US$650 million in five-year bonds denominated in Chinese yuan. The bonds will be sold in Hong Kong with coupon ranging from 4.95% to 5.05%. This is only the second sale of bonds in Lenovo's history. Financial commentators noted that Lenovo was paying a premium to list the bonds in yuan given relatively low costs for borrowing in American dollars.^[8]

Tianxi[edit]

The Tianxi computer was designed to make it easy for inexperienced Chinese consumers to use computers and access the Internet. One of its most important features was a button that instantly connected users to the Internet and opened the Web browser. It was co-branded with China Telecom and it was bundled with one year of Internet service. The Tianxi was released in 1998. It was the result of two years of research and development. It had a pastel-colored, shell-shaped case and a seven-port USB hub under its screen. As of 2000, the Tianxi was the best-selling computer in Chinese history. It sold more than 1,000,000 units in 2000 alone.^[9]

Mergers, acquisitions, and partnerships[edit]

Lenovo works to integrate the management of each newly acquired company into its larger culture. Lenovo has a dedicated mergers and acquisitions team that tracks the progress of these integrations. Lenovo has an annual meeting where the management of newly acquired companies meets with its top 100 executives. In these meetings, held in English, Lenovo explains its global strategy and how new executives fit into its plans.^[10]

IBM[edit]

Lenovo acquired IBM's personal computer business in 2005, including the ThinkPad laptop and tablet lines.^[11] Lenovo's acquisition of IBM's personal computer division accelerated access to foreign markets while improving both Lenovo's branding and technology.^[12] Lenovo paid US$1.25 billion for IBM's computer business and assumed an additional US$500 million of IBM's debt. This acquisition made Lenovo the third-largest computer maker worldwide by volume.^[13]

In regards to the purchase of IBM's personal computer division, Liu Chuanzhi said, 'We benefited in three ways from the IBM acquisition. We got the ThinkPad brand, IBM's more advanced PC manufacturing technology and the company's international resources, such as its global sales channels and operation teams. These three elements have shored up our sales revenue in the past several years.'^[13]

IBM acquired an 18.9% shareholding in Lenovo in 2005 as part of Lenovo's purchase of IBM's personal computing division.^[14] Since then, IBM has steadily reduced its holdings of Lenovo stock. In July 2008, IBM's interest in Lenovo fell below the 5% threshold that mandates public disclosure.^[15]

IBM's sold its Intel-based server lines, including IBM System x and IBM BladeCenter, to Lenovo in 2014.^[16] Lenovo says it will gain access to more enterprise customers, improve its profit margins, and develop a closer relationship with Intel, the maker of most server processors, through its acquisition of IBM's x86-based server business.^[17] On 1 October 2014, Lenovo closed its acquisition of IBM's server division, with the final price put at $2.1 billion.^[18] Lenovo said this acquisition came in at a price lower than the previously announced $2.3 billion partially because of a change in the value of IBM inventories. The deal has been already approved by Europe, China and the United States. The United States Department of Treasury Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) was reportedly the last hurdle for Lenovo, since the United States has the strictest policies. According to Timothy Prickett-Morgan from Enterprise Tech, the deal still awaits 'approval of regulators in China, the European Commission, and Canada'.^[19]

After closing, Lenovo said that its goal was to become the world's largest maker of servers. Lenovo also announced plans to start integrating IBM's workforce.^[20] The acquisition added about 6,500 new employees to Lenovo. Lenovo said that it has no immediate intent to cut jobs. Lenovo said that positions in research and development and customer-facing roles such as marketing would be '100% protected', but expected 'rationalization' of its supply chain and procurement.^[21]

Lenovo said that its x86 servers will be available to all its channel partners. Lenovo plans to cut prices on x86 products in order to gain market share.^[22] This goes in alliance with IBM's vision of the future around cloud technologies and their own POWER processor architecture.^[23]

Lenovo's acquisition of IBM is arguably one of the greatest case studies on merging massive international enterprises. Though this acquisition in 2005 ultimately resulted in success, the integration of the businesses had a difficult and challenging beginning. Lenovo had employees from different cultures, different backgrounds, and different languages.^[24] These differences caused misunderstandings, hampering trust and the ability to build a new corporate culture. At the end of its first two years, Lenovo Group had met many of its original challenges, including integrating two disparate cultures in the newly formed company, maintaining the Think brand image for quality and innovation, and improving supply chain and manufacturing efficiencies.^[25] However, Lenovo had failed to meet a key objective of the merger: leveraging the combined strength of the two companies to grow volume and market share.^[25] In order to achieve success, Lenovo embraced diversify at multiple levels- business model, culture, and talent. By 2015, Lenovo grew into the world's number 1 PC maker, number 3 smartphone manufacturer and number 3 in the production of tablet computers.^[26]

Mobile devices[edit]

Lenovo sold its smartphone and tablet division in 2008 for US$100,000,000 in order to focus on personal computers and then paid US$200,000,000 to buy it back in November 2009.^[27] As of 2009, the mobile division ranked third in terms of unit share in China's mobile handset market.^[28] Lenovo invested CN¥ 100,000,000 in a fund dedicated to providing seed funding for mobile application development for its LeGarden online app store. As of 2010, LeGarden had more than 1,000 programs available for the LePhone. At the same time, LeGarden counted 2,774 individual developers and 542 developer companies as members.^[29]

Lenovo entered the smartphone market in 2012 and quickly became the largest vendor of smartphones in Mainland China.^[30] Entry into the smartphone market was paired with a change of strategy from 'the one-size-fits-all' to a diverse portfolio of devices.^[31] These changes were driven by the popularity of Apple's iPhone and Lenovo's desire to increase its market share in mainland China. Lenovo passed Apple to become the No. 2 provider of smartphones to the Chinese market in 2012.^[31] However, due to there being about 100 smartphone brands sold in China, this second only equated to a 10.4% market share.^[31]

Download Windows 7 Free

In May 2012, Lenovo announced an investment of US$793 million in the construction of a mobile phone manufacturing and R&D facility in Wuhan, China.^[32]

NEC[edit]

On January 27, 2011, Lenovo formed a joint venture to produce personal computers with Japanese electronics firm NEC. The companies said in a statement that they would establish a new company called Lenovo NEC Holdings, to be registered in the Netherlands. NEC received US$175 million in Lenovo stock. Lenovo was to own a 51% stake in the joint venture, while NEC would have 49%. Lenovo has a five-year option to expand its stake in the joint venture.^[33]

This joint venture was intended to boost Lenovo's worldwide sales by expanding its presence in Japan, a key market for personal computers. NEC spun off its personal computer business into the joint venture. As of 2010, NEC controlled about 20% of Japan's market for personal computers while Lenovo had a 5% share. Lenovo and NEC also agreed to explore cooperating in other areas such as servers and tablet computers.^[34]

Roderick Lappin, chairman of the Lenovo–NEC joint venture, told the press that the two companies will expand their co-operation to include the development of tablet computers.^[35]

In April 2014, Lenovo purchased a portfolio of patents from NEC related to mobile technology. These included over 3,800 patent families in countries around the world. The purchase included standards-essential patents for 3G and LTE cellular technologies and other patents related to smartphones and tablets.^[36]

Medion[edit]

In June 2011, Lenovo announced that it planned to acquire control of Medion, a German electronics manufacturing company. Lenovo said the acquisition would double its share of the German computer market, making it the third-largest vendor by sales (after Acer and Hewlett-Packard). The deal, which closed in the third quarter of the same year, was the first in which a Chinese company acquired a well-known German company.^[37]

This acquisition will give Lenovo 14% of the German computer market. Gerd Brachmann, chairman of Medion, agreed to sell two-thirds of his 60 percent stake in the company. He will be paid in cash for 80 percent of the shares and will receive 20 percent in Lenovo stock. That would give him about one percent of Lenovo.^[37]

CCE[edit]

In September 2012, Lenovo agreed to acquire the Brazil-based electronics company Digibras, which sells products under the brand-name CCE, for a base price of 300 million reals (US$148 million) in a combination of stock and cash. An additional payment of 400 million reals was made dependent upon performance benchmarks.^[38][39] Prior to its acquisition of CCE, Lenovo already established a $30 million factory in Brazil, but Lenovo's management had felt that they needed a local partner to maximize regional growth. Lenovo cited their desire to take advantage of increased sales due to the 2014 World Cup that would be hosted by Brazil and the 2016 Summer Olympics and CCE's reputation for quality.^[40] Following the acquisition, Lenovo announced that its subsequent acquisitions would be concentrated in software and services.^[41]

Stoneware[edit]

In September 2012, Lenovo agreed to acquire the United States-based software company Stoneware, in its first software acquisition. The transaction was expected to close by the end of 2012; no financial details have been disclosed.^[42][43] Lenovo said that the company was acquired in order to gain access to new technology and that Stoneware is not expected to significantly affect earnings. More specifically, Stoneware was acquired to further Lenovo's efforts to improve and expand its cloud-computing services. For the two years prior to its acquisition, Stoneware partnered with Lenovo to sell its software. During this period Stoneware's sales doubled. Stoneware was founded in 2000. As of September 2012, Stoneware is based in Carmel, Indiana and has 67 employees.^[44][45]

Lenovo and NetApp[edit]

In September 2018 Lenovo and NetApp announced about strategic partnership and joint venture in China. As part of strategic partnership Lenovo started two new lines of storage systems: DM-Series and DE-Series. Both storage systems using Lenovo hardware and NetApp software: DM-Series using ONTAP OS and DE-Series SANtricity OS.

LenovoEMC[edit]

LenovoEMC was a joint venture of Lenovo and EMC and offered network-attached storage (NAS) solutions. LenovoEMC's products were formerly offered under the Iomega brand name. As of 2018, lenovoemc.com now redirects to lenovo.com, and Lenovo has retired all of the LenovoEMC products on their product page advising that the product(s) are no longer available for purchase on lenovo.com.^[46]

Motorola Mobility[edit]

On 29 January 2014, Google announced it would sell Motorola Mobility to Lenovo for US$2.91 billion. When Google and Lenovo first announced the acquisition of Motorola, they said the purchase would be funded with $660 million in cash, $750 million in Lenovo stock, and a $1.5 billion promissory note due in three years. As of February 2014, Google owns about 5.94% of Lenovo's stock. The deal includes smartphone lines like the Moto X and Moto G and the Droid Turbo. Lenovo also got the future Motorola Mobility product roadmap. Google will retain the Advanced Technologies & Projects unit and all but 2,000 of the company's patents.^[47] Lenovo will receive royalty free licenses to all the patents retained by Google.^[48]

Lenovo has stated that Motorola was purchased in large part due to its long-standing relationships with cellular network operators in the United States and the United Kingdom. Lenovo previously had difficulty breaking into the United Kingdom due to the high proportion of customers who sign contracts and receive phones from carriers. A Lenovo executive said, 'There are lots of reasons why we bought Motorola but primarily because it has a history of distribution in the UK. Motorola has long and established relationships with routes to market in North America and the UK, where people are tied to their network operator.'^[49]

Lenovo received approval from the European Union for its acquisition of Motorola in June 2014. In a statement the European Union said, 'The Commission concluded that the proposed acquisition would not raise competition concerns in relation to smart mobile devices (smartphones and tablets), given the limited market position of the parties and the presence of other strong suppliers in the market.' At the time of the EU approval Lenovo said it was on track to win final approval of the merger in the United States.^[50]

The acquisition was completed on 30 October 2014. Motorola Mobility will remain headquartered in Chicago, and continue to use the Motorola brand, but Liu Jun, president of Lenovo's mobile device business, became the company's leader.^[51][52]

DataCore[edit]

In March 2017, Lenovo announced it was partnering with Fort Lauderdale, Florida-based software storage virtualization company DataCore to add DataCore's parallel I/O-processing software to Lenovo's storage devices.^[53] The servers were reportedly designed to outperform Storage Area Network (SAN) SAN arrays.^[53]

Fujitsu[edit]

In 2017 Lenovo formed a joint venture with Fujitsu and the Development Bank of Japan.^[54] In the joint venture, Fujitsu will sell Lenovo a 51% stake in Fujitsu Client Computing Limited. DBJ will acquire a 5% stake.

TOP500[edit]

In 2018, Lenovo became the world's largest provider for the TOP500supercomputers.^[55]

Name[edit]

'Lenovo' is a portmanteau of 'Le-' (from Legend) and 'novo', Latin ablative for 'new'. The Chinese name (simplified Chinese: 联想; traditional Chinese: 聯想; pinyin: Liánxiǎng) means 'association' (as in 'word association') or 'connected thinking'. It can also imply creativity.^[56]

For the first 20 years of its existence, the company's English name was 'Legend' (Chinese: 联想; Liánxiǎng). In 2002, Yang Yuanqing decided to abandon the Legend brand name to expand internationally. 'Legend' was already in use by many businesses worldwide (whose products and services (in the United States, for example), would include those from both the technological and non-technological arenas of industry and commerce),^[57] making it impossible to register in most jurisdictions. In April 2003, the company publicly announced its new name, 'Lenovo', with an advertising campaign including huge billboards and primetime television ads. Lenovo spent 18 million RMB on an eight-week television advertising campaign. The billboards showed the Lenovo logo against blue sky with copy that read, 'Transcendence depends on how you think.' By the end of 2003, Lenovo had spent a total of 200 million RMB on rebranding.^[5]

Products and services[edit]

Personal and business computing[edit]

Lenovo markets the ThinkPad line of notebook computers, IdeaPad, Yoga and Legion lines of notebook laptops, and the IdeaCentre and ThinkCentre lines of desktops.^[58] It expanded significantly in 2005 through its acquisition of IBM's personal computer business, including its ThinkPad and ThinkCentre lines. As of January 2013, shipments of THINK-branded computers have doubled since Lenovo's takeover of the brand, with profit margins thought to be above 5%.^[59] Lenovo aggressively expanded the THINK brand away from traditional laptop computers in favor of tablets and hybrid devices such as the ThinkPad Tablet 2, ThinkPad Yoga, ThinkPad 8, ThinkPad Helix, and ThinkPad Twist; the shift came as a response to the growing popularity of mobile devices, and the release of Windows 8 in October 2012. Lenovo has achieved significant success with this high-value strategy and it now controls more than 40% of the market for Windows computers priced above $900 in the United States.^[60]

ThinkPad[edit]

The ThinkPad is a line of business oriented laptop computers known for their boxy black design, modeled after a traditional Japanese lunchbox.^[61] ThinkPads were originally an IBM product; they have been manufactured and sold by Lenovo since early 2005, following its acquisition of IBM's personal computer division. The ThinkPad has been used in space and is the only laptop certified for use on the International Space Station.^[62]

ThinkCentre[edit]

The ThinkCentre is a line of business-oriented desktop computers which was introduced in 2003 by IBM and since has been produced and sold by Lenovo since 2005.^[63] ThinkCentre computers typically include mid-range to high-end processors, options for discrete graphics cards, and multi-monitor support. Similar to the ThinkPad line of computers, there have been budget lines of ThinkCentre branded computers in the past. Some examples of this include: M55e series, A50 series, M72 series. These 'budget' lines are typically 'thin clients' however.^[64][64]

ThinkServer[edit]

The ThinkServer product line began with the TS100 from Lenovo.^[65] The server was developed under agreement with IBM, by which Lenovo would produce single-socket and dual-socket servers based on IBM's xSeries technology.^[65] An additional feature of the server design was a support package aimed at small businesses.^[65] The focus of this support package was to provide small businesses with software tools to ease the process of server management and reduce dependence on IT support.^[66]

ThinkStation[edit]

Lenovo ThinkStations are workstations designed for high-end computing. In 2008, Lenovo expanded the focus of its THINK brand to include workstations, with the ThinkStation S10 being the first model released.

ThinkVision displays[edit]

High-end monitors are marketed under the ThinkVision name. ThinkVision displays share a common design language with other THINK devices such as the ThinkPad line of notebook computers and ThinkCentre desktops. At the 2014 International CES, Lenovo announced the ThinkVision Pro2840m, a 28-inch 4K display aimed at professionals. Lenovo also announced another 28-inch 4K touch-enabled device running Android that can function as an all-in-one PC or an external display for other devices.^[67]

At the 2016 International CES, Lenovo announced two displays with both USB-C and DisplayPort connectivity. The ThinkVision X24 Pro monitor is a 24-inch 1920 by 1080 pixel thin-bezel display that uses an IPS LCD panel. The ThinkVision X1 is a 27-inch 3840 by 2160 pixel thin-bezel display that uses a 10-bit panel with 99% coverage of the sRGB color gamut. The X24 includes a wireless charging base for mobile phones. The X1 is the first monitor to receive the TUV Eye-Comfort certification. Both monitors have HDMI 2.0 ports, support charging laptops, mobile phones, and other devices, and have Intel RealSense 3D cameras in order to support facial recognition. Both displays have dual-array microphones and 3-watt stereo speakers.^[68]

IdeaPad[edit]

The IdeaPad line of consumer-oriented laptop computers was introduced in January 2008. The IdeaPad is the result of Lenovo's own research and development; Unlike the ThinkPad line, its design and branding were not inherited from IBM. The IdeaPad's design language differs markedly from the ThinkPad and has a more consumer-focused look and feel.^[69][70]

On September 21, 2016, Lenovo confirmed that their Yoga series is not meant to be compatible with Linux operating systems, that they know it is impossible to install Linux on some models, and that it is not supported.^[71] This came in the wake of media coverage of problems that users were having while trying to install Ubuntu on several Yoga models, including the 900 ISK2, 900 ISK For Business, 900S, and 710, which were traced back to Lenovo disabling and removing support for the AHCI storage mode for the device's Solid State Drive in the computer's BIOS, in favor of a RAID mode that is only supported by Windows 10drivers that come with the system.^{[72][73][74][75]} Lenovo has since released an alternative firmware that has restored the AHCI mode to the drive controller to allow installation of Linux operating systems.^[76][77]

IdeaCentre[edit]

All IdeaCentres are all-in-one machines, combining processor and monitor into a single unit.^[78] The desktops were described by HotHardware as being 'uniquely designed'.^[78] The first IdeaCentredesktop, the IdeaCentre K210, was announced by Lenovo on 30 June 2008.^[79] While the IdeaCentre line consists only of desktops, it shares design elements and features with the IdeaPad line.^[79] One such feature was Veriface facial recognition technology.^[79]

At CES 2011, Lenovo announced the launch of four IdeaCentre desktops: the A320, B520, B320, and C205.^[78] In the autumn of 2012, the firm introduced the more powerful IdeaCentre A720, with a 27-inch touchscreen display and running Windows 8.^[80] With a TV tuner and HDMI in, the A720 can also serve as a multimedia hub or home theater PC.^[81]

In 2013, Lenovo added a table computer to the IdeaCentre line. The Lenovo IdeaCentre Horizon Table PC, introduced at the 2013 International CES is a 27-inch touchscreen computer designed to lay flat for simultaneous use by multiple people. Thanks to its use of Windows 8, the Horizon can also serve as a desktop computer when set upright.^[82]

Smartphones[edit]

As of January 2013, Lenovo only manufactured phones that use the Android operating system from Google. Numerous press reports indicated that Lenovo planned to release a phone running Windows Phone 8, According to J. D. Howard, a vice president at Lenovo's mobile division, the company would release a Windows Phone product if there is market demand.^[83]

Lenovo has implemented an aggressive strategy to replace Samsung Electronics as Mainland China market's top smartphone vendor. It has spent $793.5 million in Wuhan in order to build a plant that can produce 30 to 40 million phones per year. Data from Analysys International shows that Lenovo experienced considerable growth in smartphone sales in China during 2012. Specifically, it saw its market share increase to 14.2% during 2012's third quarter, representing an increase when compared to 4.8% in the same quarter of 2011. IDC analysts said that Lenovo's success is due to its 'aggressive ramping-up and improvements in channel partnerships.' Analysys International analyst Wang Ying wrote, 'Lenovo possesses an obvious advantage over rivals in terms of sales channels.' The company's CEO, Yang Yuanqing, said, 'Lenovo does not want to be the second player .. we want to be the best. Lenovo has the confidence to outperform Samsung and Apple, at least in the Chinese market.'^[84]

According to IHS iSuppli, Lenovo was a top-three smartphone maker in China with a 16.5% market share in the first quarter of 2012. According to a May report released by IDC Lenovo ranks fourth in the global tablet market by volume.^[85] As of November 2012, Lenovo was the second largest seller of mobile phones in China when measured by volume.^[30]

In May 2013, Lenovo CEO Yang Yuanqing indicated that the company had aimed to release smartphones in the United States within the next year. Later in October, Lenovo expressed interest in acquiring the Canadian smartphone maker BlackBerry Ltd. However, its attempt was reportedly blocked by the Government of Canada, citing security concerns due to the use of BlackBerry devices by prominent members of the government. An official stated that 'we have been pretty consistent that the message is Canada is open to foreign investment and investment from China in particular but not at the cost of compromising national security'.^[86][87]

In January 2014, Lenovo announced a proposed deal to acquire Motorola Mobility to bolster its plans for the U.S. market.^[88]Microsoft officially announced that Lenovo had become the hardware partner of Windows Phone platform at the Mobile World Congress 2014.^[89] In January 2016, Lenovo announced at CES that the company would be producing the first Project Tango phone.^[90]

Lenovo plus Motorola was the 3rd largest producer of smartphones by volume in the world between 2011 and 2014.^[91] Since Lenovo's acquisition of Motorola Mobility, the combined global market share of Lenovo plus Motorola has fallen from 7.2% in 2014 to 3.9% in the third quarter of 2016.^[92][93] A number of factors have been cited as the cause of this reduced demand, including the fact that Lenovo relied heavily on carriers to sell its phones, its phones lacked strong branding and unique features to distinguish them in the competitive Chinese market where a weak economy and saturated market is slowing demand^[94][95] and the culture clash between a more hierarchical PC company and the need to be nimble to sell rapidly-evolving smartphones.^[96] In response to the weak sales, Lenovo announced in August 2015 that it would lay off 3,200 employees, mostly in its Motorola smartphone business.^[97]

In the reorganization which followed, Lenovo was uncertain how to brand its Motorola smartphones. In November 2015, members of Lenovo management made statements that Lenovo would use the Motorola brand for all its smartphones.^[98] Then, in January 2016, Lenovo announced that it would be eliminating the Motorola brand in favor of 'Moto by Lenovo'. The company reversed course in March 2017 and announced that the Motorola brand name would be used in all regions in future products. 'In 2016, we just finished transforming ourselves,' Motorola Chairman and President Aymar de Lencquesaing said in an interview, 'We have clarity on how we present ourselves.'^[99]

Smart televisions[edit]

In November 2011, Lenovo said it would soon unveil a smart television product called LeTV, expected for release in the first quarter of 2012. 'The PC, communications and TV industries are currently undergoing a 'smart' transformation. In the future, users will have many smart devices and will desire an integrated experience of hardware, software and cloud services.' Liu Jun, president of Lenovo's mobile-Internet and digital-home-business division.^[100] In June 2013 Lenovo announced a partnership with Sharp to produce smart televisions. In March 2014, Lenovo announced that it projected smart television sales surpassing one million units for 2014. The same month Lenovo released its flagship S9 Smart TV.^[101]

Wearables[edit]

Rumors that Lenovo was developing a wearable device were confirmed in October 2014 after the company submitted a regulatory finding to the Federal Communications Commission. The device, branded a 'Smartband', has a battery life of seven days. It has an optical heart-rate monitor and can be used to track distance and time spent running and calories burned. It can also notify the user of incoming calls and texts.^[102] It can also unlock computers without the use of a password. The Smartband went on sale in October 2014. Lenovo started offering the device for sale on its website without a formal product announcement.^[103]

IoT / Smart Home[edit]

In 2015 Lenovo launched a strategic cooperation with IngDan, a subsidiary of the Cogobuy Group to penetrate into the intelligent hardware sector.^[104] Lenovo wanted to procure High-Tech hardware in the then newly emerging Internet of Things (IoT) economy^[105] and formed a strategic partnership with Cogobuy in which it previously primarily bought IC components from.^[106] Cogobuy's supply chain was utilised by Lenovo to procure consumer devices and bridge gaps in their proprietary hardware and software development.^[107] At the IFA 2018, Lenovo launched several smart home products.^[108]

Lenovo Connect[edit]

At the Mobile World Congress in 2016 Lenovo introduced Lenovo Connect, a wireless roaming service. This service works across devices, networks, and international borders in China, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Lenovo Connect eliminates the need to buy new SIM cards when crossing borders. Lenovo Connect started service for phones and select ThinkPad laptops in China in February 2016.^[109]

Operations[edit]

Lenovo's principal facilities are in Beijing, Morrisville, North Carolina and Singapore, with research centers in Beijing, Morrisville, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Xiamen, Chengdu, Nanjing,^[110] and Wuhan^[111] in China, and Yamato in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.^[112] Lenovo operates factories in Chengdu and Hefei in China, and in Japan. A 700-square-metre (7,500 sq ft) flagship store opened in Beijing in February 2013.^[31]

Call of Duty Black Ops Free Download PC Full Version is the Cold War and WW2 Call of Duty Black Ops crack version. Call Of Duty Black Ops Crack - Working in PC Game Free Download| By Mehraj Friday, November 14, 2014. Download COD Black Ops Fixed Crack From Bellow. Crack blavk ops Submitted by Crinnix. I cant install call of duty black ops in my pc. 17 yes; no 27. Game Update PC PC Games crack call of duty black ops 3 single player « 4PLAYERs Games Direct Download IXtreme JTAG RGH DVD ISO XBLA ARCADES DLC []. Cod black ops single player crack download. Hey guys, i got the black ops 2 crack and install working! Follow what i do in this video to get yours working too! Please note that this is only for single.

Lenovo's manufacturing operations are a departure from the usual industry practice of outsourcing to contract manufacturers. Lenovo instead focuses on vertical integration in order to avoid excessive reliance on original equipment manufacturers and to keep down costs.^[113] Speaking on this topic, Yang Yuanqing said, 'Selling PCs is like selling fresh fruit. The speed of innovation is very fast, so you must know how to keep up with the pace, control inventory, to match supply with demand and handle very fast turnover.' Lenovo benefited from its vertical integration after flooding affected hard-drive manufacturers in Thailand in 2011, as the company could continue manufacturing operations by shifting production towards products for which hard drives were still available.^[114][115]

Lenovo began to emphasize vertical integration after a meeting in 2009 in which CEO Yang Yuanqing, and the head of Lenovo's supply chain, analyzed the costs versus the benefits of in-house manufacturing, and decided to make at least 50% of Lenovo's manufacturing in-house. Lenovo Chief Technology Officer George He said that vertical integration is having an important role in product development. He stated, 'If you look at the industry trends, most innovations for' PCs, smartphones, tablets and smart TVs are related to innovation of key components—display, battery and storage. Differentiation of key parts is so important. So we started investing more .. and working very closely with key parts suppliers.'^[115] Previously, lack of integration due to numerous foreign acquisitions and an excessive number of 'key performance indicators' (KPIs) was making Lenovo's expansion expensive and creating unacceptably slow delivery times to end-customers. Lenovo responded by reducing the number of KPIs from 150 to 5, offering intensive training to managers, and working to create a global Lenovo culture. Lenovo also doubled-down on vertical integration and manufacturing near target markets in order to cut costs at time when its competitors were making increased use of outsourcing off-shoring. By 2013, Lenovo ranked 20th on Gartner's list of top 50 supply chains, whereas in 2010 the company was unranked.^[10]

In 2012, Lenovo partially moved production of its ThinkPad line of computers to Japan. ThinkPads will be produced by NEC in Yamagata Prefecture. Akaemi Watanabe, president of Lenovo Japan, said, 'As a Japanese, I am glad to see the return to domestic production and the goal is to realize full-scale production as this will improve our image and make the products more acceptable to Japanese customers.'^[115][116]

In October 2012, Lenovo announced that it would start assembling computers in Whitsett, North Carolina. Production of desktop and laptop computers, including the ThinkPad Helix began in January 2013. As of July 2013, 115 workers were employed at this facility. Lenovo has been in Whitsett since 2008, where it also has centers for logistics, customer service, and return processing.^[117][118]

In 2015, Lenovo and Hong Kong Cyberport Management Company Limited, a government-sponsored business park for technology firms, reached a deal to 'jointly build a cloud service and product research and development center'.^[119][119] Lenovo's Asia Pacific data center will also be housed in Cyperport.^[119]

Spreadtrum Phone Driver For Windows 7 32 Bit Download

Lenovo assembles smartphones in Chennai, India through a contract manufacturing agreement with Flextronics.^[120][121] In November 2015, Lenovo announced that it would start manufacturing computers in Pondicherry.^[122]

Corporate affairs[edit]

The company executive headquarters are in Morrisville, North Carolina,^[123][124] near Raleigh in the Research Triangle metropolitan area,^[125] in the United States.^[126] As of October 2012, the facility has about 2,000 employees.^[127] Lenovo identifies its facilities in Morrisville, Beijing, and Singapore as its 'key location addresses',^[128] where its principal operations occur.^[123] The company stated that 'by foregoing a traditional headquarters model and focusing on centers of excellence around the world, Lenovo makes the maximum use of its resources to create the best products in the most efficient and effective way possible'.^[129] The company registered office is on the 23rd floor of the Lincoln House building of the Taikoo Place in Quarry Bay, Hong Kong.^[130]

Previously the company's U.S. headquarters were in Purchase, Harrison, New York. About 70 people worked there. In 2006, Lenovo announced that it was consolidating its U.S. headquarters, a logistics facility in Boulder, Colorado, and a call center in Atlanta, Georgia, to a new facility in Morrisville. The company received offers of over $11 million in incentive funds from the local Morrisville, North Carolina, area and from the State of North Carolina on the condition that the company employs about 2,200 people.^[131] In early 2016, Lenovo carried out a comprehensive restructuring of its business units.^[132]

Financials and market share[edit]

From 4 March 2013, Lenovo was included as a constituent stock in the Hang Seng Index. Lenovo replaced the unprofitable Aluminum Corp of China, a state-owned enterprise, on the list of 50 key companies on the Hong Kong stock exchange that constitute the Hang Seng Index.^[133] The inclusion of Lenovo and Tencent, China's largest internet firm, significantly increased the weight of the technology sector on the index. Being added to the Hang Seng Index was a significant boon for Lenovo and its shareholders as it widened the pool of investors willing to purchase Lenovo's stock. For instance, index funds pegged to the Hang Seng and pension funds that consider index inclusion now have the opportunity to invest in Lenovo.^[134] In November 2013 Lenovo reported that they had achieved double-digit market share in the United States for the first time.^[135]

Lenovo is the world's largest personal computer vendor by unit sales from 2013 to 2015.^[136] In 2016 Lenovo shipped an estimated 55.5 million PCs, for an estimated 21.3% market share, according to market research firm International Data Corporation.^[137] For the fiscal year ending March 2016, the company reported revenue of US$44.9 billion.^[138] The company's expansion was boosted in part by a joint venture with NEC in Japan called Lenovo NEC Holdings.^[139]

Lenovo was able to reclaim its top spot in PC market share 2018.^[140]

Ownership[edit]

In 2009, China Oceanwide Holdings Group, a private investment firm based in Beijing, bought 29% of Legend Holdings, the parent company of Lenovo, for 2.76 billion yuan.^[141] As of 31 March 2018, 65% of Lenovo stock was held by the general public, 29% by Legend Holdings, 5.8% by Mr. Yang, and 0.2% by other directors.^[142]

Responding to claims that Lenovo is a state-owned enterprise CEO Yang Yuanqing said: 'Our company is a 100% market oriented company. Some people have said we are a state-owned enterprise. It's 100% not true. In 1984 the Chinese Academy of Sciences only invested $25,000 in our company. The purpose of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to invest in this company was that they wanted to commercialize their research results. The Chinese Academy of Sciences is a pure research entity in China, owned by the government. From this point, you could say we're different from state-owned enterprises. Secondly, after this investment, this company is run totally by the founders and management team. The government has never been involved in our daily operation, in important decisions, strategic direction, nomination of the CEO and top executives and financial management. Everything is done by our management team.'^[143]

In early 2006, the U.S. State Department was harshly criticized for purchasing 16,000 computers from Lenovo. Critics argued that Lenovo was controlled by the Chinese government and a potential vehicle for espionage against the United States. Yang spoke out forcefully and publicly to defend Lenovo. He said, 'We are not a government-controlled company.' He pointed out that Lenovo pioneered China's transition to a market economy and that in the early 1990s had fought and beaten four state-owned enterprises that dominated the Chinese computer market. Those firms had the full backing of the state while Lenovo received no special treatment.^[144] The State Department deal went through. Yang worried that fears about Lenovo's supposed connections to the Chinese government would be an ongoing issue in the United States. Yang worked to ease worries by communicating directly with Congress.

Yang dramatically increased his ownership stake by acquiring 797 million shares in 2011. As of June 2011, Yang owned an 8 percent stake in Lenovo. He previously owned only 70 million shares. In a statement, Yang said, 'While the transaction is a personal financial matter, I want to be very clear that my decision to make this investment is based on my strong belief in the company's very bright future. Our culture is built on commitment and ownership – we do what we say, and we own what we do. My decision to increase my holdings represents my steadfast belief in these principles.'^[145]

Corporate culture[edit]

Lenovo's corporate culture differs from other Chinese companies. While Lenovo was founded using seed capital from the state-owned Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lenovo is run as a private enterprise with little or no interference by the state. Lenovo's senior executives, including many non-Chinese, rotate between two head offices, one in Beijing and the other in Morrisville, North Carolina, and Lenovo's research and development center in Japan. Two foreigners have previously served as Lenovo's CEO.^[59]

English is Lenovo's official language. Lenovo's CEO, Yang Yuanqing, initially did not understand English well, but relocated his family to Morrisville to improve his language skills and learn American ways. One American Lenovo executive interviewed by The Economist praised Yang for his efforts to make Lenovo a friendly place for foreigners to work. He said that Yang had created a 'performance culture' in place of the traditional Chinese work style of 'waiting to see what the emperor wants'.^[59]

Leadership[edit]

Yang Yuanqing[edit]

Yang Yuanqing is the chairman and chief executive officer of Lenovo. One of his major achievements was leading Lenovo to become the best-selling personal computer brand in China since 1997. In 2001, Business Week named him one of Asia's rising stars in business.^[146] Yang was president and CEO of Lenovo until 2004, when Lenovo closed its acquisition of IBM's PC division, after which Yang was succeeded as Lenovo CEO by IBM's Stephen M. Ward, Jr. Ward was succeeded by Bill Amelio on 20 December 2005. In February 2009, Yang replaced Amelio as CEO and has served in that capacity ever since. Yang was chairman of Lenovo's board from 2004 to 2008, and returned as chairman in 2012 alongside his role as CEO.

In 2012, Yang received a $3 million bonus as a reward for record profits, which he in turn redistributed to about 10,000 of Lenovo's employees. According to Lenovo spokesman, Jeffrey Shafer, Yang felt that it would be the right thing to, 'redirect [the money] to the employees as a real tangible gesture for what they done.' Shafer also said that Yang, who owns about eight percent of Lenovo's stock, 'felt that he was rewarded well simply as the owner of the company.'^[147] The bonuses were mostly distributed among staff working in positions such as production and reception who received an average of 2,000 yuan or about US$314. This was almost equivalent to a monthly salary of an average worker in China.^[148] Yang made a similar gift of $3.25 million again in 2013.^[149]

Download Windows 7 32-bit Free

According to Lenovo's annual report, Yang earned $14 million, including $5.2 million in bonuses, during the fiscal year that ended in March 2012.^[150]

In 2013, Barron's named Yang one of the 'World's Best CEOs'.^[151]

Liu Chuanzhi[edit]

Liu Chuanzhi is the founder and chairman of Lenovo. Liu was trained as an engineer at a military college and later went on to work at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Like many young people during the Cultural Revolution, Liu was denounced and sent to the countryside where he worked as a laborer on a rice farm. Liu claims Hewlett-Packard as a key source of inspiration. In an interview with The Economist he stated that 'Our earliest and best teacher was Hewlett-Packard.' For more than ten years, Lenovo was Hewlett-Packard's distributor in China.^[152] In reference to Lenovo's later acquisition of IBM's personal computer unit Liu said, 'I remember the first time I took part in a meeting of IBM agents. I was wearing an old business suit of my father's and I sat in the back row. Even in my dreams, I never imagined that one day we could buy the IBM PC business. It was unthinkable. Impossible.'^[6]

Board of directors[edit]

In early 2013, Lenovo announced the addition of Yahoo founder Jerry Yang to its board. Lenovo's CEO Yang Yuanqing said, 'Jerry's appointment as an observer to our board furthers Lenovo's reputation as a transparent international company.' Just prior to the appointment of Jerry Yang, Tudor Brown, the founder of British semiconductor design firm ARM, was also appointed to Lenovo's board. Speaking of both men Yang Yuanqing said, 'We believe that they will add a great deal to our strategic thinking, long-term direction and, ultimately, our ability to achieve our aspirations in the PC plus era.'

Marketing and sponsorships[edit]

Emerging markets[edit]

In 2009, Lenovo became the first personal computer manufacturer to divide countries into emerging markets and mature markets. Lenovo then developed a different set of strategies for each category. Lenovo's competitors have widely adopted the same approach^[13]

Compaq presario c300 audio driver free download. In 2012, Lenovo made a major effort to expand its market share in developing economies such as Brazil and India through acquisitions and increased budgets for marketing and advertising. While Lenovo has not revealed its total spending on marketing, it did increase marketing and advertising expenditures by $248 million in the fiscal year ending in 2012.^[59]

China[edit]

In China, Lenovo has a vast distribution network designed to make sure that there is at least one shop selling Lenovo computers within 50 kilometers of nearly all consumers. Lenovo has also developed close relationships with its Chinese distributors, who are granted exclusive territories and only carry Lenovo products.^[59]

As of July 2013, Lenovo believes that urbanization initiatives being pushed by Premier Li Keqiang will allow it to sustain sales growth in China for the foreseeable future. Speaking at Lenovo's annual general meeting in Hong Kong in 2013, Yang Yuanqing said: 'I believe urbanisation will help us further increase the overall [domestic] PC market.' Yang also stressed the opportunity presented by the China's relatively low penetration rate of personal computers. Lenovo previously benefited from the Chinese government's rural subsidies, part of a wider economic stimulus initiative, designed to increase purchases of appliances and electronics. That program, which Lenovo joined in 2004, ended in 2011. Lenovo enjoys consistent price premiums over its traditional competitors in rural markets and a stronger local sales and service presence.^[153]

India[edit]

Lenovo has gained significant market share in India through bulk orders to large companies and government agencies. For example, the government of Tamil Nadu ordered a million laptops from Lenovo in 2012 and single-handedly made the firm a market leader. Lenovo distributes most of the personal computers it sells in India through five national distributors such as Ingram Micro and Redington.^[154]

Given that most smartphones and tablets are sold to individuals Lenovo is pursuing a different strategy making use of many small state-centric distributors. Amar Babu, Lenovo's managing director for India, said, 'To reach out to small towns and the hinterland, we have tied up with 40 regional distributors. We want our distributors to be exclusive to us. We will, in turn, ensure they have exclusive rights to distribute Lenovo products in their catchment area.'^[154] As of 2013, Lenovo had about 6,000 retailers selling smartphones and tablets in India. In February 2013, Lenovo established a relationship with Reliance Communications to sell smartphones. The smartphones carried by Reliance have dual-SIM capability and support both GSM and CDMA. Babu claims that the relative under penetration of smartphones in India represents an opportunity for Lenovo.^[154]

Download Windows 7 Free Software

Lenovo has assembled a team of senior managers familiar with the Indian market, launched mobile phones at all price points there, and worked on branding to build market share. As of February 2014, Lenovo claims that its sales of smartphones in India have been increasing 100% per quarter while the market is only growing 15-20% over the same period. Lenovo did marketing tests of its smartphones in November 2012 in Gujarat and some southern cities, where Lenovo already had a strong presence. Lenovo's strategy has been to create awareness, maintain a broad selection of phones at all price points, and develop distribution networks. Lenovo partnered with two national distributors and over 100 local distributors. As of February 2014, more than 7,000 retail outlets in India sold Lenovo smartphones. Lenovo has also partnered with HCL in order to set up 250 service centres in 110 cities.^[155]

In India, Lenovo grants distributors exclusive territories but allows them to sell computers from other companies. Lenovo uses its close relationships with distributors to gain market intelligence and speed up product development.

Lenovo reported a year-on-year increase of about 951% in tablet sales in India for the first quarter of 2014. Canalys, a market research firm, said Lenovo took market share away from Apple and Samsung in the country.^[156]

Here you can download city car driving 1.2.5 activation key shared files that we have found in our database: City Car Driving 1.2.5 3D Instructor 2.2.10 Crack. City Car Driving Free Download PC Game Cracked in Direct Link and Torrent. City Car Driving is a car simulator game. City Car Driving Crack Download setup on a single link. City Car Driving is a car racing game where you can enjoy the real taste of driving a car. City car driving 1.5.3 download. City Car Driving 1.5.1 Crack is a car driving simulator game. Driving test and road rules training, driving education.

Africa[edit]

Lenovo first started doing business in South Africa, establishing a sales office, and then expanded to East African markets such as Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Uganda, and Rwanda. West Africa followed when Lenovo set-up a Nigerian legal office and then expanded to Ghana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Botswana.

According to Lenovo's general manager for Africa, Graham Braum, Lenovo's strategy is to put 'great emphasis on products that sell well in Africa' and roll out 'products alongside different African governments' rolling out of wireless technology'. Products such as the Lenovo Yoga series are popular in Africa because of their long battery life, as many areas have unreliable electrical supply. Other popular products include the Lenovo notebooks, which were introduced in 2008.^[157]

Lenovo picked Nigeria in 2013 to release its smartphone because unlike South Africa and other African countries, there is no requirement to partner with a local telecom firm to sell its phones.^[158]

In the long term, according to Braum, 'Lenovo in Africa will focus on continuing to consistently supply personal computer products and allow this market to grow, while moving into new territory such as mobile and enterprise.'^[157]

United States[edit]

In the United States, Lenovo began the 'For Those Who Do' marketing campaign in 2010, created by the ad agency Saatchi & Saatchi. The campaign was Lenovo's first to go global, except for its domestic market in China, where it retained its existing 'Imagine' (Pinyin: lian xiang) slogan. The campaign did not reach China because 'do' carries connotations of manual labor in the country, an image that Lenovo did not want attached to their brand.^[159] 'For Those Who Do' was designed to appeal to young consumers in the 18- to 25-year-old demographic by stressing its utility to creative individuals that Lenovo's advertising refers to as 'doers'.^[160] One of Lenovo's operational centers is located in North Carolina, United States. Lenovo also started manufacturing products in the US in 2012.^[161]

Ashton Kutcher[edit]

In October 2013, Lenovo announced that it had hired Ashton Kutcher as a product engineer and spokesman. Kutcher announced Lenovo's Yoga Tablet at a media event the same month; he flew to China to meet with Lenovo executives shortly thereafter. David Roman, Lenovo's chief marketing officer, said, 'His partnership goes beyond traditional bounds by deeply integrating him into our organization as a product engineer. Ashton will help us break new ground by challenging assumptions, bringing a new perspective and contributing his technical expertise to Yoga Tablet and other devices.' Kutcher co-founded A-Grade Investments, an investor in Airbnb, Foursquare, Spotify, Path, Uber, and other technology firms. Kutcher studied biochemical engineering at the University of Iowa.^[162]

Kobe Bryant[edit]

Kobe Bryant starred in ads aired in China and other Asian countries for the K900 smartphone in 2013.^[163]

Lg hbs 760 driver download windows 8. Get product support for the LG HBS-760. Download HBS-760 manuals, documents, and software. View HBS-760 warranty information and schedule services.

Olympics[edit]

Lenovo was an official computer sponsor of the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy, and the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. When asked about Lenovo's brand Yang Yuanqing said, 'The Beijing Olympics were very good for brand awareness in countries like the US and Argentina, but not good enough.'^[164]

YouTube Space Lab[edit]

In December 2011, Lenovo announced the YouTube Space Lab contest. It was held in conjunction with YouTube, NASA, the European Space Agency, and JAXA. The contest allowed students between the ages of 14 and 18 the chance to devise experiments to be performed by astronauts on the International Space Station. The global winners had their experiment results live-streamed from space, and received a trip to either Japan or Russia.^[165]

NFL[edit]

In July 2012, Lenovo and the National Football League (NFL) announced that Lenovo had become the NFL's 'Official Laptop, Desktop and Workstation Sponsor.' Lenovo said that this was its largest sponsorship deal ever in the United States. Lenovo will receive advertising space in NFL venues and events and be allowed to use the NFL logo on its products and ads. Lenovo said that this sponsorship would boost its efforts to market to the key 18- to 35-year-old male demographic.

The NFL has been a Lenovo customer since 2007 and the sponsorship resulted from that relationship. NFL stars Jerry Rice, DeAngelo Williams, and Torry Holt were on hand for the announcement and a celebration with 1,500 Lenovo employees. Lenovo's sponsorship will last at least three years.^[166]

The Pursuit[edit]

Lenovo used a short-film entitled The Pursuit in its 'For Those Who Do' campaign launched in 2011. The film depicted a mysterious young woman using the IdeaPad Yoga 13 to stay one-step-ahead of her evil pursuers. Martin Campbell, who previously worked on action movies and James Bond films such as GoldenEye and the remake of Casino Royale, shot this film. Lenovo was the first Chinese company to make use of such marketing techniques.^[10]

Download Windows 7 Iso

Tech World[edit]

Spreadtrum Phone Driver Windows 7 Free Download

In May 2015, Lenovo hosted its first ever 'Tech World' conference in Beijing. The CEOs of Intel, Microsoft, and Baidu delivered keynote addresses along with Lenovo CEO Yang Yuanqing. Lenovo also used Tech World to announce a refresh of its corporate logo and visual identity. The shift in Lenovo's visual presentation was accompanied by changes in Lenovo's business model. Lenovo said that it was transitioning from being solely a hardware maker to producing both hardware and software.^[167]

Lenovo announced several concept and production devices at Tech World including Smart View, a concept smartwatch with two screens and a virtual display; Smart Cast, a concept smartphone with a built-in laser projector that displays content and virtual user interfaces such as keyboards and musical instruments; Lenovo Cast, an Android-based streaming video device; Smart Shoes, concept shoes with a screen to display the user's mood and fitness tracking sensors; the ThinkPad 10, a new tablet computer; and Cortana integration with Lenovo devices and software, including REACHit, which extends Cortana's search functions to non-Microsoft services.^[167]

ZUK, a separate company formed by Lenovo in 2014, announced several products at Tech World, These included slim power banks, 3D printers that can print food such as chocolate, an outdoor sound box, and a Wi-Fi based control system for home automation.^[167]

Goodweird[edit]

Lenovo launched a multi-year advertising campaign called 'Goodweird' in the last half of 2015. Goodweird is designed to convey the idea that designs that seem strange initially often become familiar and widely accepted. The Goodweird campaign includes a video with famous images of early attempts to fly with the aid of homemade wings and a bicycle that transitions to a modern-day shot of a man soaring across mountains in a wingsuit before transitioning again to a shot of the Stealth Bomber. Lenovo worked with three agencies on Goodweird: London-based DLKW Low, We Are Social, and Blast Radius. Goodweird is part of Lenovo's wider strategy to appeal to millennials with an emphasis on design trendsetters. A portion of the funding for Goodweird is being directed to prominent YouTubers and Viners. BuzzFeed has been engaged to create relevant content.^[168]

Lenovo slogans[edit]

• New World. New Thinking. (2005–2011)
• For Those Who Do. (2011–2016)
• We Make The Tools. You Make Them Do. (2012–2016)
• Different is Better (2016–present)

Download Windows 7 Home Premium

Controversy and security issues[edit]

Superfish[edit]

In February 2015, Lenovo became the subject of controversy for having bundled software identified as malware on some of its laptops. The software, Superfish Visual Discovery, is a web browser add-on that injects price comparison advertising into search engine results pages. To interceptHTTPS-encrypted communications, the software also installed a self-signed digital certificate.^[169][170] When the Superfish private key was compromised, it was also discovered that the same private key was used across all installations of the software, leaving users vulnerable to security exploits utilizing the key.^[171][172] Lenovo made between US$200,000 to US$250,000 on its deal with Superfish.^[173] In 2017 Lenovo agreed to pay $3.5 million as part of a settlement with the US Federal Trade Commission.^[174]

The head of Superfish responded to security concerns by saying the vulnerability was 'inadvertently' introduced by Komodia, which built the application.^[175][175] In response to the criticism, Lenovo detailed that it would cease further distribution and use of the Superfish software, and offered affected customers free six-month subscriptions to the McAfee LiveSafe software.^[176] Lenovo issued a promise to reduce the amount of 'bloatware' it bundles with its Windows 10 devices, promising to only include Lenovo software, security software, drivers, and 'certain applications customarily expected by users'.^[177]Salon tech writer David Auerbach compared the Superfish incident to the Sony DRM rootkit scandal, and argued that 'installing Superfish is one of the most irresponsible mistakes an established tech company has ever made.'^[178]

Lenovo Service Engine[edit]

From October 2014 through June 2015, the UEFI firmware on certain Lenovo models had contained software known as 'Lenovo Service Engine', which Lenovo says automatically sent non-identifiable system information to Lenovo the first time Windows is connected to the internet, and on laptops, automatically installs the Lenovo OneKey Optimizer program (software considered to be bloatware) as well. This process occurs even on clean installations of Windows. It was found that this program had been automatically installed using a new feature in Windows 8, Windows Platform Binary Table, which allows executable files to be stored within UEFI firmware for execution on startup, and is meant to 'allow critical software to persist even when the operating system has changed or been reinstalled in a 'clean' configuration'; specifically, anti-theft security software. The software was discontinued after it was found that aspects of the software had security vulnerabilities, and did not comply with revised guidelines for appropriate usage of WPBT. On 31 July 2015, Lenovo released instructions and UEFI firmware updates meant to remove Lenovo Service Engine.^{[179][180][181]}

Lenovo Customer Feedback program[edit]

At a third time in 2015, criticism arose that Lenovo might have installed software that looked suspicious on their commercial Think-PC lines. This was discovered by Computerworld writer Michael Horowitz, who had purchased several Think systems with the Customer Feedback program installed, which seemed to log usage data and metrics.^[182] Further analysis by Horowitz revealed however that this was mostly harmless, as it was only logging the usage of some pre-installed Lenovo programs, and not the usage in general, and only if the user allowed the data to be collected. Horowitz also criticized other media for quoting his original article and saying that Lenovo preinstalled spyware, as he himself never used that term in this case and he also said that he does not consider the software he found to be spyware.^[183]

Lenovo Accelerator[edit]

As of June 2016, a Duo Labs report stated that Lenovo was still installing bloatware, some of which leads to security vulnerabilities as soon as the user turns on their new PC.^[184][185] Lenovo advised users to remove the offending app, 'Lenovo Accelerator'.^[186] According to Lenovo, the app, designed to 'speed up the loading' of Lenovo applications, created a man-in-the-middle security vulnerability.

ThinkPad keyboard quality problems[edit]

ThinkPads and other IBM products were known for its high quality keyboards. The first IBM PC, the IBM 5150, had noticeable flaws and was overpriced, but its high quality keyboard made it a successful product in the business market.A reviewer wasn't happy with the feel of some keyboards in ThinkPad X1 Carbon's sixth generation.^[187]

Foldable Moto Razr video plagiarism[edit]

In 2019 Lenovo was caught passing off enthusiast Waqar Khan's Foldable Moto Razr concept video as its own concept video in a presentation to the technology press. Khan asserted that he had never given Lenovo permission to use his video. While most of the watermarks had been removed the watermark 'Concept by @WaqarKahnHD” was still visible in some segments of the video. It appears that Lenovo didn't add any content to the video other than their logo. Multiple members of Chinese media who were present have confirmed the story.^[188]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abcde'Financial Statements for Lenovo Group Limited'(PDF). Lenovo. Retrieved 9 August 2019.Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
2. ^Burcu Noyan (21 July 2015). 'Lenovo Group'. Fortune.
3. ^'It's official: Motorola Mobility now belongs to Lenovo - CNET'. cnet.com. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
4. ^'Corporate Information'. Investor Relations. Lenovo Group Limited. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
5. ^ ^abcdefghLing, Zhijun (2006). The Lenovo Affair. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN978-0-470-82193-0.
6. ^ ^abDickie, Mure (1 January 2005). 'China's High-Tech Hero'. Chief Executive.
7. ^Snyder Bulik, Beth (28 May 2015). 'Worldwide PC Leader Lenovo Rebrands For Post-PC World'. Advertising Age. United States. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
8. ^Trivedi, Anjani (3 June 2015). 'Lenovo Heats Up Hong Kong's Dim-Sum Bond Market'. Wall Street Journal. United States. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
9. ^Sima, Katherine (19 December 2005). 'Lenovo's design strategy drives success'. Plastics News. United States. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
10. ^ ^abcWilliam J. Holstein (8 August 2014). 'Lenovo Goes Global'. strategy+business.
11. ^Lemon, Sumner (2 May 2005). 'Lenovo Completes Purchase of IBM's PC Unit'. PC World. pcworld.com. Retrieved 19 June 2012
12. ^Craig Stephen (20 August 2012). 'China's Lenovo may be one-off success'. MarketWatch. Retrieved 20 August 2012Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
13. ^ ^abcZhou Xiaoyan (19 November 2012). 'Lenovo, on top of the PC world'. People's Daily. People's Daily Online. Retrieved 7 January 2013
14. ^'IBM Investor relations — IR News and views | 01 May 2005 Lenovo completes acquisition of IBM'. Ibm.com. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
15. ^Ian, Mutuli (22 July 2008). 'IBM Offloads $77million of Lenovo shares'. financeasia.com. FinanceAsia. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
16. ^Kunert, Paul (23 January 2014). 'It was inevitable: Lenovo stumps up $2.3bn for IBM System x server biz'. channelregister.co.uk. The Register. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
17. ^Roger Kay. 'How Lenovo Can Turn Liabilities Into Assets'. Forbes.
18. ^'Lenovo says $2.1 billion IBM x86 server deal to close on Wednesday' (Press release). Reuters. 29 September 2014.
19. ^Moorhead, Patrick (26 June 2014). 'IBM-Lenovo Server Agreement Basically A Done Deal'. Forbes. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
20. ^Juro Osawa (29 September 2014). 'Lenovo Set to Close IBM Deal, Eyes Top Spot in Server Business'. WSJ.
21. ^'Jobs cuts not ruled out as Lenovo swallows IBM's x86 server business'. The Australian.
22. ^Michael Novinson. 'Lenovo President: X86 To Be Fully Integrated Into Business'. CRN.
23. ^'IBM results show shift to AI and cloud business focus'. ComputerWeekly.
24. ^Mu-Hyun, Cho. 'How Lenovo mixed eastern and western cultures to take a Chinese firm global - ZDNet'.
25. ^ ^ab'Two Years After IBM PCD Deal, Lenovo Still Faces Challenges'. www.gartner.com.
26. ^'Lenovo Plans to Acquire IBM's x86 Server Business - Lenovo Newsroom'. news.lenovo.com.
27. ^Nuo, You; Ning, Yang (11 May 2010). 'Lenovo to take on the big boys with LePhone'. China Daily. Retrieved 28 February 2013
28. ^'Lenovo to Acquire Mobile Handset Business'(press release). Lenovo. 27 November 2009Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
29. ^'Lenovo bets on app projects to boost sales'. South China Morning Post. 24 November 2010
30. ^ ^ab'Lenovo Eying Growth in China Smartphone Sector'. Taipei Times. CNA. 5 November 2012. taipeitimes.com
31. ^ ^abcdBruce Einhorn (3 January 2013). 'In China's Smartphone Market, Lenovo Gets Busy'. Bloomberg Businessweek. businessweek.com. Retrieved 26 January 2013.
32. ^Melanie Lee (6 May 2012). Chris Lewis (ed.). Lenovo to launch mobile devices facility in central China. Reuters. reuters.com. Retrieved 7 May 2012
33. ^'NEC, Lenovo Form PC Joint Venture As NEC Posts Wider Loss'. Fox Business. 27 January 2011.
34. ^David Ranii (2 February 2011). 'With NEC venture, Lenovo eyes Japan'. Cary News (North Carolina).
35. ^'Lenovo, NEC to jointly develop tablets: Report'. Reuters. 4 July 2012. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
36. ^Charlie Osborne. 'Lenovo buys mobile, 3G, LTE technology patent portfolio'. ZDNet.
37. ^ ^abCHRIS V. NICHOLSON (2 June 2011). 'Lenovo to Buy German PC Maker'. The New York Times.
38. ^'China's Lenovo to buy Brazilian electronics company CCE'. Reuters. 5 September 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
39. ^'Lenovo to acquire Brazil's biggest PC maker'. EE Times. 5 September 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
40. ^Mehta, Stephanie N. (5 September 2012). 'Urgency drives Lenovo deal in Brazil — Fortune Tech'. Tech.fortune.cnn.com. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
41. ^Yun, Liau (25 September 2012). 'Lenovo to stop buying hardware companies'. ZDNet. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
42. ^'Lenovo buys US-based Stoneware to strengthen its cloud computing services'. The Next Web. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
43. ^'Lenovo Acquires Stoneware to Expand Secure Cloud Computing'. Lenovo. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
44. ^Paul Mozur (18 September 2012). 'Lenovo Acquires U.S. Software Firm'. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
45. ^'Lenovo Makes First Software Buy to Expand in Cloud Computing'. Bloomberg Businessweek. 18 September 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
46. ^https://www.lenovo.com/gb/en/systems/storage/nas/lenovoemc/
47. ^'Lenovo CEO Vows To Turn Around Motorola in 6 Quarters - Mobile Tech on CIO Today'.
48. ^Drake Bennett (17 May 2014). 'China's Lenovo finds treasure in other companies' castoffs'. SFGate.
49. ^'What can Lenovo do with Motorola?'. Mobile News Online.
50. ^WRAL TechWire. 'European Union approves Lenovo's Google Motorola acquisition -TechWire Insider: Editor's Blog at WRAL TechWire'.
51. ^Tom Warren (30 October 2014). 'Motorola is now part of Lenovo'. The Verge. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
52. ^'Lenovo Completes Motorola Acquisition'. The Wall Street Journal. 30 October 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2014.(subscription required)
53. ^ ^ab'Lenovo gets into server-based storage virtualization with DataCore'. theregister.co.uk. 15 March 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
54. ^'Fujitsu, Lenovo and DBJ form PC Joint Venture', Fujitsu Global, 02 November, 2017.
55. ^'Lenovo Attains Status as Largest Global Provider of TOP500 Supercomputers'. Business Wire. 25 June 2018.
56. ^Todd Crowell (2008). 'Ever heard of Lenovo, Haier, CNOOC? You will'. Christian Science Monitor (30–JUN–2005).
57. ^'Free Trademark Search - Legend'. Trademarkia.com. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
58. ^Fletcher, Owen; Shara Tibken; Nathalie Tadena (13 October 2011). 'Lenovo passes Dell to become world's No 2 PC maker'. MarketWatch.Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
59. ^ ^abcde'From guard shack to global giant; Chinese industry'. The Economist. 12 January 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
60. ^Reisinger, Don (10 January 2013). 'Lenovo chief: We're in the PC-plus, not post-PC era'. CNET. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
61. ^'Design Matters: The Bento Box'. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2011.Cite uses deprecated parameter |dead-url= (help)
62. ^'IBM Archives: IBM ThinkPads in space'. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011.Cite uses deprecated parameter |deadurl= (help)
63. ^'Lenovo Company History'. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
64. ^ ^ab'ThinkCentre Desktop Features'. Retrieved 20 February 2012.
65. ^ ^abcDave Mitchell (7 November 2008). 'Lenovo ThinkServer TS100 review'. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
66. ^David Hill (22 August 2008). 'ThinkServer Debut'. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 19 December 2011.Cite uses deprecated parameter |dead-url= (help)
67. ^Jason Hiner (10 January 2014). 'CES 2014: Lenovo talks up $799 4K monitor that works with existing computers'. TechRepublic.
68. ^Brett Howse. 'Lenovo Launches ThinkVision Displays With USB-C Docking At CES'.
69. ^'Lenovo IdeaPad Hands-On Roundup'. For starters, the design of the IdeaPads marks a significant change for Lenovo. Unlike the 'all business' classic ThinkPad line that Lenovo inherited from IBM, the IdeaPads have a consumer-focused feel.
70. ^'Lenovo IdeaPad Hands-On Roundup'. The glossy screens feature a flush-mount bezel which makes the transition from LCD to keyboard look incredibly smooth.
71. ^'Lenovo Statement on Linux Support for Yoga | Lenovo Newsroom'. news.lenovo.com. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
72. ^'Lenovo's Signature laptops refuse to install Linux'. BBC News. 21 September 2016. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
73. ^'Lenovo confirms that Linux won't work on Yoga 900 and 900S laptops'. VentureBeat. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
74. ^'Lenovo denies deliberately blocking Linux on Windows 10 PCs - TechRepublic'. TechRepublic. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
75. ^Kingsley-Hughes, Adrian. 'Lenovo reportedly blocking Linux on Windows 10 Signature Edition PCs (updated) | ZDNet'. ZDNet. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
76. ^Martin, Alexander (28 October 2016). 'Lenovo downward dogs with Yoga BIOS update supporting Linux installs'. The Register. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
77. ^'(Linux Only) BIOS Update for Windows 10 (64-bit) - Yoga 900-13ISK2 - US'. pcsupport.lenovo.com. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
78. ^ ^abcRay Willington (4 January 2011). 'Lenovo Introduces New Line Of IdeaCentre Desktops / All-In-One PCs At CES'. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
79. ^ ^abc'Lenovo announces its first desktop, IdeaCentre K210'. 30 June 2008. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
80. ^Bob Buskirk (8 November 2012). 'Lenovo IdeaCentre A720 Review'. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
81. ^'Lenovo IdeaCentre A720 Review'. 8 November 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
82. ^'Lenovo debuts giant IdeaCentre Horizon Table PC'. msnNOW.com. 7 January 2013. Archived from the original on 17 February 2013. Retrieved 6 February 2013.Cite uses deprecated parameter |deadurl= (help)
83. ^'Lenovo's Windows Phone 8 Plans In Full Force: First Device Out In 2013?'. Mobile & apps. 11 January 2013. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
84. ^Zak Islam (14 January 2013). 'Lenovo Aims to Beat Samsung as China's Top Smartphone Maker'. Tomshardware.com. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
85. ^Chloe Albanesius (7 May 2012). 'Lenovo Spending $800 Million to Boost Smartphones, Tablets'. PCMag. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
86. ^'Lenovo's BlackBerry takeover was reportedly thwarted by the Canadian government'. The Verge. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
87. ^'Lenovo wants to sell phones in the US within a year'. The Verge. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
88. ^'Google sells Motorola to Lenovo for $2.91 billion'. The Verge. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
89. ^'Microsoft Announces Motorola Owner Lenovo As New Windows Phone Hardware Partner'.
90. ^By author, outlet. 'Lenovo Is Making The First Google Project Tango Phone.' 8 January 2016.
91. ^'How Samsung, Apple, Huaaei Lenovo, Xiaomi performed in 2015'. telecomlead. 28 January 2016.
92. ^'Press Release: Apple, Huawei, and Xiaomi Finish 2015 with Above Average Year-Over-Year Growth, as Worldwide Smartphone Shipments Surpass 1.4 Billion for the Year, According to IDC'. IDC. 27 January 2016.
93. ^Lenovo Group Limited. '2016/17 Interim Report'(PDF). Retrieved 8 June 2017.
94. ^John Kang (29 September 2016). 'What Happened To Lenovo, Once A Top Chinese Smartphone Maker?'. Forbes.
95. ^John Pletz (25 August 2015). 'Lenovo's problem isn't Moto'. Crain's Chicago Business.
96. ^Vlad Savov (17 May 2016). 'Lenovo and Motorola are repeating the mistakes of HP and Palm'. The Verge.
97. ^Graeme Philipson (14 August 2015). 'Lenovo battles with Motorola problems, sacks 3200'. ITWire.
98. ^Matthew Benson (24 November 2015). '(Updated) Report: Lenovo Mobile to be dissolved and sell all phones under the Motorola branding'. Android Authority.
99. ^Roger Cheng (1 March 2017). 'Moto Z, this is your mission: Make Motorola relevant again'. CNET.
100. ^LORETTA CHAO And OWEN FLETCHER (30 November 2011). 'Lenovo Sets Web-Linked TV'. The Wall Street Journal.
101. ^'Lenovo aims to sell 1m smart TVs'.
102. ^Lenovo smartband has seven-day battery life(registration required)
103. ^'Lenovo Smartband doesn't just track fitness, it unlocks your computer'. CNET. CBS Interactive. 27 October 2014.
104. ^MarketScreener (28 May 2015). 'Cogobuy : Lenovo to Build Intelligent Hardware Ecosystem | MarketScreener'. www.marketscreener.com. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
105. ^PYMNTS (1 June 2015). 'Lenovo Urges Biz To Procure High-Tech Hardware'. PYMNTS.com. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
106. ^Nona, Tepper (20 May 2016). 'Sales surge 56% on Cogobuy's electronics marketplaces'. Digital Commerce 360. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
107. ^'艾華迪集團 - Cogobuy Launches Strategic Cooperation with Lenovo to Build Intelligent Hardware Open Ecosystem'. www.avaval.com. 29 May 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
108. ^Brian Heater (30 August 2018). 'Lenovo launches a bunch of smart home products'. TC techcrunch.
109. ^Lindsey O'Donnell. 'Mobile World Congress 2016: 8 Breakthrough Products Lenovo Just Revealed'. CRN.
110. ^Tuo Yannan (20 October 2012). 'Lenovo snaps up former Motorola employees'. China Daily.
111. ^Jon Russell. 'Lenovo Plans $800 Million Mobile Innovation Center in China'. The Next Web.
112. ^Locations, Lenovo.com (US). Retrieved 22 October 2009.
113. ^'Lenovo to Build Production Base in Argentina'. SinoCast Daily Business Beat. 19 December 2011.
114. ^Warc staff (10 July 2012). 'Lenovo seeks to build its brand'. Warc. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
115. ^ ^abcLoretta Chao (9 July 2012). 'As Rivals Outsource, Lenovo Keeps Production In-House'. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
116. ^Constantin Murariu (5 July 2012). 'Lenovo Moves ThinkPad Production Back to Japan'. Softpedia. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
117. ^'Lenovo to open first U.S. manufacturing plant in N.C.' Computerworld. 2 October 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2012.
118. ^28 September 2013 (5 June 2013). 'Lenovo cranks up Whitsett plant - News-Record.com: News'. News-Record.com. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
119. ^ ^abc'Lenovo Group Will Build Development Center In Hong Kong's Cyberport'. China Tech News. Asia Media Network. 9 February 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
120. ^'Lenovo looking to double local production in India by next year: Report'. Tech 2. India. 26 November 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
121. ^'Lenovo to locally manufacture over 50% of its devices in 2016'. IBNLive.
122. ^'We will Make in India to sell in India: Yang Yuanqing'. india Infoline News Service. India. 20 November 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
123. ^ ^ab'Locations'. (Archive) Lenovo. Retrieved on 12 October 2012. 'Executive Headquarters Morrisville 1009 Think Place Morrisville, NC 27560 USA'
124. ^'联系我们'. (Archive) Lenovo. Retrieved on 12 October 2012. '行政总部 地址：1009 Think Place Morrisville, NC 27560 USA'
125. ^'Lenovo plans HQ in N.C.' (Archive) Associated Press at the Charlotte Observer. Friday 17 March 2006. Retrieved on 12 October 2012.
126. ^McGregor, p. 204.
127. ^'Lenovo launches 'convertible' tablets [The News & Observer (Raleigh, N.C.)]'. Knight Ridder/Tribune at Bloomberg Businessweek. 10 October 2012. Retrieved on 12 October 2012.
128. ^'Fact Sheet Mar 2012'. (Archive) Lenovo. Retrieved on 12 October 2012.
129. ^'Our Locations'. (Archive) Lenovo. Retrieved on 12 October 2012.
130. ^'2011/12 Annual Report Lenovo Group Limited'. (Archive) Lenovo. p. 177. Retrieved on 12 October 2012. 'REGISTERED OFFICE 23rd Floor, Lincoln House, Taikoo Place, 979 King's Road, Quarry Bay, Hong Kong'
131. ^Hogan, Patrick. 'Lenovo shifting U.S. headquarters to Morrisville, but will cut 300–350 Triangle jobs'. Triangle Business Journal. Thursday 16 March 2006. Updated Friday 17 March 2006. p.1. Retrieved on 12 October 2012.
132. ^Yin, Dave (21 March 2016). 'Lenovo completely restructures major business units and senior leadership'. CDN. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
133. ^'Lenovo added to Hang Seng index, Chalco out'. reuters.com. 6 February 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
134. ^'Lenovo shares at a high after blue-chip anointment'. South China Morning Post. 8 February 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
135. ^'Lenovo's Parker: Here's the secret to our growth'. Triangle Business Journal. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
136. ^'Gartner Says Worldwide PC Shipments Declined 8.3 Percent in Fourth Quarter of 2015'. www.gartner.com. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
137. ^'Lenovo, HP, And Dell Lead the Shrinking PC Market'. fortune.com. 11 January 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
138. ^'Lenovo Announces Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2015/16 Results'. lenovo.com. 26 May 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
139. ^'Lenovo to Acquire Stake in PC Joint Venture with NEC'. technews.co. 27 July 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
140. ^Jon Fingas (10 October 2018). 'Lenovo retakes the top spot in PC shipments'. engadget. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
141. ^Lee, Melanie (4 September 2009). 'China Oceanwide buys Lenovo parent stake for $404 mln'. Thomson-Reuters.
142. ^'Financial Information – Fact Sheet'. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
143. ^'Q&A; Chinese Computer Giant Showcases Capitalist Credentials; Chairman of Lenovo, which acquired IBM's PC unit, says the firm has few government ties'. Los Angeles Times. 4 May 2006.
144. ^Steve Hamm (20 April 2006). 'Lenovo's Foreign Affairs'.
145. ^David Ranii; (17 June 2011). 'Lenovo CEO makes huge stock purchase'. The News & Observer (Raleigh, North Carolina).CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
146. ^Kathrin Hille (6 February 2009). 'Lenovo chief replaced in reshuffle'. Financial Times. Retrieved 8 February 2009.
147. ^Lyneka Little (23 July 2012). 'CEO of Lenovo Gives $3 Million in Bonuses to Employees'. ABC News. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
148. ^Jena McGregor (25 July 2012). 'Lenovo CEO Yang Yuanqing is sharing the wealth—literally'. Washington Post. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
149. ^Fairchild, Caroline (2 September 2013). 'CEO Shares $3.25 Million Bonus With Hourly Workers'. Huffington Post.
150. ^CY Xu and Madison Park (25 July 2012). 'CEO gives part of his bonus to employees'. CNN. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
151. ^Bary, Andrew (25 March 2013). 'Barron's Names World's Best CEOs - Barrons.com'. Online.barrons.com. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
152. ^'Face value: Legend in the making'. The Economist. 15 September 2001. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
153. ^Hille, Kathrin (11 July 2013). 'Lenovo optimistic about China's economy'. FT.com. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
154. ^ ^abc'Can Lenovo protect its leadership in PCs & gain share in mobile, tablet businesses in India?'. The Times Of India. 26 March 2013.
155. ^Sudhir Chowdhary. 'Lenovo creates a big mobile buzz'. The Financial Express.
156. ^'The tech business week: Lenovo to double Irish workforce, Duolog opens Texas offices'. Silicon Republic.
157. ^ ^abDexing, Qin (13 February 2015). 'Lenovo Expands to Africa'. ECNS.com. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
158. ^Spillane, Chris (10 May 2013). 'Lenovo Plans to Debut Africa Smartphone in Nigeria This Year'. Bloomberg.
159. ^Salter, Chuck (22 November 2011). 'Protect and Attack: Lenovo's New Strategy'. Fast Company. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
160. ^Vega, Tanzina (28 April 2011). 'Lenovo Aims a Campaign at the Apple Crowd'. New York Times. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
161. ^ABC News. 'Lenovo to Start Manufacturing Computers in America - ABC News'. ABC News.
162. ^Ashton Kutcher joins Lenovo as product engineer. Usatoday.com (2013-10-30). Retrieved on 2013-12-08.
163. ^Pfanner, Eric (26 December 2013). 'King of PCs, Lenovo Sets Smartphone Ambitions'. The New York Times.
164. ^Fran, Foo (6 April 2006). 'The world according to Yang Yuanqing, Lenovo chief'. The Australian. Retrieved 4 February 2013. Outside
165. ^'Press Releases'. YouTube Space Lab Resources. Google Sites. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
166. ^DAVID RANII (25 July 2012). 'Lenovo becomes an NFL sponsor'. News Observer.
167. ^ ^abcSacco, Dominic (6 June 2015). 'Lenovo's new look, Smart Shoes and robot research - we look back on Tech World'. PCR. United Kingdom. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
168. ^Slefo, George (30 September 2015). 'New Lenovo Campaign Plays Up Weird in the Good Way'. Ad Age. United States. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
169. ^'Researchers: Lenovo laptops ship with adware that hijacks HTTPS connections'. ZDNet. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
170. ^'Lenovo's security breakdown shows the danger of invisible systems'. The Verge. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
171. ^Hern, Alex (19 February 2015). 'Lenovo accused of compromising user security by installing adware on new PCs'. The Guardian. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
172. ^Fox-Brewster, Thomas (19 February 2015). 'How Lenovo's Superfish 'Malware' Works And What You Can Do To Kill It'. Forbes. Forbes.com LLC. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
173. ^Fox-Brewster, Thomas (27 February 2015). 'Lenovo Only Made Up To $250,000 From Nightmare Superfish Deal, Say Sources'. Forbes. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
174. ^Elizabeth Weise (5 September 2017). 'FTC settles with Lenovo over a built-in snooping software, $3.5 million fine'. USA Today.
175. ^ ^ab'Superfish fallout: Lenovo to give away free McAfee LiveSafe security suite'. Deccan Chronicle. 28 February 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
176. ^'Lenovo slipped 'Superfish' malware into laptops'. CNNMoney. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
177. ^'Lenovo Promises No More Bloatware Starting with Windows 10'. MaximumPC. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
178. ^Auerbach, David (20 February 2015). 'You Had One Job, Lenovo'. Salon. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
179. ^'Lenovo used Windows anti-theft feature to install persistent crapware'. Ars Technica. Conde Nast. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
180. ^James Sanders (13 August 2015). 'Windows and UEFI anti-theft mechanism makes systems less secure'. TechRepublic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
181. ^Jared Newman (12 August 2015). 'Lenovo's Service Engine marks yet another bloatware blunder for the company'. PC World. IDG. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
182. ^Michael Horowitz (22 September 2015). 'Lenovo collects usage data on ThinkPad, ThinkCentre and ThinkStation PCs'. Computerworld.
183. ^Michael Horowitz (20 October 2015). 'Trusting Lenovo'. Computerworld.
184. ^'Unbox your laptop, and say hello to security risks'. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
185. ^'ut-of-Box Exploitation — A Security Analysis of OEM Updaters'(PDF).
186. ^'Lenovo Urges Windows 10 Users to Uninstall Dangerous Utility'. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
187. ^Piltch, Avram (26 July 2018). 'Why I Returned My ThinkPad X1 Carbon 3 Times (And I'm Not Alone)'. tom's Hardware. New York: Future plc. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
188. ^Amadeo, Ron. 'Creator claims Lenovo stole foldable Moto Razr video it played at a press event'. arstechnica.com. Ars Technica. Retrieved 20 May 2019.

Further reading[edit]

• Ling, Zhijun (2005). The Lenovo affair: the growth of China's computer giant and its takeover of IBM-PC. trans. Martha Avery. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons [Asia]. ISBN978-0-470-82193-0. Retrieved 16 September 2009.
• Hamm, Steve (2008). The Race for Perfect: Inside the Quest to Design the Ultimate Portlable Computer. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN978-0071606103.

External links[edit]